World J Mens Health.  2016 Aug;34(2):137-144. 10.5534/wjmh.2016.34.2.137.

Development of an Improved Animal Model of Overactive Bladder: Transperineal Ligation versus Transperitoneal Ligation in Male Rats

• Kim WH
• Bae WJ
• Park JW
• Choi JB
• Kim SJ
• Cho HJ
• Ha US
• Hong SH
• Lee JY
• Hwang SY
• Kim SW

• KMID: 2349850
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.2016.34.2.137

Abstract

PURPOSE
We compared a transperineal ligation model and a transperitoneal ligation model in male rats to determine which animal model of overactive bladder (OAB) was more useful based on cystometrography, estimations of oxidative stress, and measurements of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=15 in each): the control group, the transperineal ligation group, and the transperitoneal ligation group. Four weeks after the ligation procedure, cystometrography was performed and oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and histologic changes were evaluated. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine and superoxide dismutase, and pro-inflammatory cytokine activity was investigated by measuring levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α.
RESULTS
The transperineal model led to results similar to those observed for the transperitoneal model, namely (1) increased voiding frequency and reductions in the non-voiding contraction interval and the maximal vesical pressure, (2) increased levels of oxidative stress markers, (3) increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and (4) fibrotic changes in the bladder tissue.
CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that the transperineal procedure can be used as an alternative OAB model in male rats.

Keyword

Rats; Urinary bladder, overactive; Urinary bladder neck obstruction

MeSH Terms

Animals*
Humans
Interleukin-8
Interleukins
Ligation*
Male*
Models, Animal*
Necrosis
Oxidative Stress
Rats*
Superoxide Dismutase
Urinary Bladder
Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction
Urinary Bladder, Overactive*
Interleukin-8
Interleukins
Superoxide Dismutase

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Surgical procedure for the transperineal model. (A) Catheterization of a polyethylene tube through the urethral orifice. (B) A needle with a 3-0 silk suture was used to make a suture penetrating around the perineal urethra. (C) A knot was made smoothly in the presence of the tube. (D) Unnecessary thread was removed. (E) The polyethylene tube was removed.

• 

  Fig. 2 Representative cystometrography tracings showing the changes in voiding function in the control group (n=15), the transperineal group (n=13), and the transperitoneal group (n=11).

• 

  Fig. 3 Comparison of oxidative stress in bladder tissue from the control group (n=15), the transperineal group (n=13), and the transperitoneal group (n=11). 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, SOD: superoxide dismutase. *p< 0.05.

• 

  Fig. 4 Comparison of cytokine levels in bladder tissue from the control group (n=15), the transperineal group (n=13), and the transperitoneal group (n=11). IL: interleukin, TNF: tumor necrosis factor. *p<0.05.

• 

  Fig. 5 Comparison of histologic findings of representative sections of bladder tissue stained with H&E (×200). (A) The control group (n= 15). (B) The transperineal group (n=13). (C) The transperitoneal group (n=11). (D) Ratio of smooth muscle to collagen in the bladder. *p< 0.05.

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