Korean J Phys Anthropol.  2016 Jun;29(2):53-60. 10.11637/kjpa.2016.29.2.53.

The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on the Expression of Serum Cytokines after 2 Hours Ischemia and Timely Reperfusion in the Hindlimb of Mice

• Jin JH
• Kim SJ
• Seo Y
• Kim S

• KMID: 2328101
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.11637/kjpa.2016.29.2.53

Abstract

The large volume of reactive oxygen species are generated during reperfusion after transient or post-procedural ischemia, which leads to cell injury. This ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury may cause local and even systemic injuries. Thus, the need to reduce the IR injury has been highlighted and in this regard studies have demonstrated the ischemic preconditioning (IP) in which short ischemia and reperfusion are repeated before ischemia. Such IP is known to protect the tissues from IR injury by reducing inflammation response during ischemia. Thus, this study was based on IP known to protect the tissue with developing the mechanism of resistance to ischemia and reperfusion injury in cellular tissue. As the substance that plays an important role in the inflammatory response during IR injury is cytokines, this study was intended to review and discuss the methodologies of IP as well as to analyze the correlation of its effects on the expression of cytokines. Left common iliac artery in male mice of which weight was from 40 g to 45 g, was treated for ischemia. The animal groups consisted of ischemia (IC) group receiving 2-hour ischemic treatment alone; IP group receiving short 5-minute ischemia and reperfusion treatments repeated three times; and, ischemic preconditioning-ischemia (IP-IC) group receiving IP treatment followed by 2-hour ischemic treatment. Following these treatments in each group, reperfusion for intergroup comparisons was carried out at 30 minutes, and 1, 2 and 4 hours. The results of this study were as follows: First, the expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β was the highest in IC group receiving 2-hour ischemic treatment alone (p<.001). Second, the expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4 was the highest in the IP group (p<.001). Third, the expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 was the highest in the IP group (p<.001). In conclusion, even though the results had the degree of difference, the expression level of pro-inflammation cytokine, IL-1β in IC group was significantly lower than that in IP group, and the expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10 in IP were significantly higher than those in IC group and IP-IC group.

Keyword

Mouse; Ischemic preconditioning; Ischemia-reperfusion injury; IL-1β; IL-4; IL-10

MeSH Terms

Animals
Cytokines*
Hindlimb*
Humans
Iliac Artery
Inflammation
Interleukin-10
Interleukin-4
Ischemia*
Ischemic Preconditioning*
Male
Mice*
Reactive Oxygen Species
Reperfusion Injury
Reperfusion*
Cytokines
Interleukin-10
Interleukin-4
Reactive Oxygen Species

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. The difference in the expression of IL-1β by reperfusion time. Data are presented as mean (pg/mL). IL-1β level decreased more significantly in IP group and IP-IC group than in ischemia group. At all the time points of reperfusion, IL-1β levels were lower in IP group than in IC group, and were the lowest in IP-IC group. Values are mean. ∗p<.01 versus control, ∗∗p<.001 versus control. #p<.001 versus IP-IC group. SC: Sham control; IC: Ischemia; IP: Ischemia preconditioning; IP-IC: Ischemia preconditioning and ischemia; 0.5H: Half an hour reperfusion after ischemia or ischemia preconditioning; 1H: 1 hour reperfusion after ischemia or ischemia preconditioning; 2H: 2 hours reperfusion after ischemia or ischemia preconditioning; 4H: 4 hours reperfusion after ischemia or ischemia preconditioning.

• 

  Fig. 2. The difference in the expression of IL-4 by reperfusion time. Data are presented as mean (pg/mL). At 0.5H, IL-4 was highest in IP-IC group, At 1H and 4H, IL-4 were highest in IP group. At 2H, IL-4 in IC group was higher than in IP group. ∗p<.001 versus control, #p<.001 versus IP-IC group. SC: Sham control; IC: Ischemia; IP: Ischemia preconditioning; IP-IC: Ischemia preconditioning and ischemia; 0.5H: Half an hour reperfusion after ischemia or ischemia preconditioning; 1H: 1 hour reperfusion after ischemia or ischemia preconditioning; 2H: 2 hours reperfusion after ischemia or ischemia preconditioning; 4H: 4 hours reperfusion after ischemia or ischemia preconditioning

• 

  Fig. 3. The difference in the expression of IL-10 by reperfusion time. Data are presented as mean (pg/mL). IL-10 showed the pattern of repeated increase and decrease in all the groups. At 0.5H and 1H, IL-10 was the highest in IP group. At 2H, IL-10 was the highest in IC group. At 4H, IL-10 was the highest in IP group. ∗p<.05 versus control at baseline,∗∗p<.01 versus control at baseline, ∗∗∗p<.001 versus control, #p<.05 versus IP-IC group, ##p<.01 versus IP-IC group, †p<.05 versus IC group. SC: Sham control; IC: Ischemia; IP: Ischemia preconditioning; IP-IC: Ischemia preconditioning and ischemia; 0.5H: Half an hour reperfusion after ischemia or ischemia preconditioning; 1H: 1 hour reperfusion after ischemia or ischemia preconditioning; 2H: 2 hours reperfusion after ischemia or ischemia preconditioning; 4H: 4 hours reperfusion after ischemia or ischemia preconditioning.

Reference

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