J Korean Soc Parenter Enter Nutr.
2013 Dec;5(3):110-116. 10.15747/jkspen.2013.5.3.110.
Relationship of Combined Consumption of Rice and Kimchi, Korean Traditional Diet and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Healthy Korean Volunteers
- Affiliations
-
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. hbaik@dmc.or.kr
- 2Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- 3Department of Family Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
- 4Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
- KMID: 2321865
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.15747/jkspen.2013.5.3.110
Abstract
- PURPOSE
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is defined as the coexistence of several metabolic risk factors. Diet is thought to play a major role in development of MetS. We attempted to determine whether the Korean diet is related to a reduced risk for development of MetS.
METHODS
A total of 425 healthy Korean adults were recruited by advertisement to Bundang Jesaeng Hospital from January 1 to June 30, 2009; those not taking regular medications and without diagnosis of disease were included. Data were collected on three-day dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, and diagnostic parameters, including levels of lipid panel, glucose, adiponectin, and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha]) for MetS from individuals enrolled in the study. The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) scoring system was used for diagnosis of MetS.
RESULTS
Out of 425 (11.8%) subjects, 50 were diagnosed as having MetS. As NCEP scores increased, the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha) showed an increasing tendency, however, the adiponectin level had decreased (P<0.0001). A greater amount of total vegetable consumption appeared to be associated with decreased risk for MetS. A higher carbohydrate consumption represented by the amount of rice intake (refined starch) appeared to be associated with higher risk of MetS. However, increasing consumption of rice combined with Kimchi showed an association with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (56.7+/-1.6 vs. 62.8+/-2.2, P for trend: 0.0321) and decreased adiponectin level (9.0+/-0.8 vs. 11.4+/-1.2, P for tend: 0.0255).
CONCLUSION
Among healthy Korean volunteers consuming an ordinary Korean diet, the prevalence of MetS was found to be 11.8%. Greater consumption of rice showed an association with greater risk of MetS, while greater consumption of rice combined with Kimchi, the main staple of the Korean diet, showed an association with lower risk of MetS.
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