The Relationship between Bone Mineral Density and Behavioral Factors in Korean Adult Men using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV

Choi, Chang Dae; Oh, Han Jin; Joo, Il Woo; Lee, Hye Jin; Kim, Sang Ho; Kim, Sang Won; Park, Eun Jung

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The number of male adults who are treated for osteoporosis has been increasing rapidly over the last 4 years. The bone mineral density (BMD) of men has a similar pattern to that of women with BMD, decreasing with increasing age. We hypothesize that there is a relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors such as smoking, alcohol, exercise, body fat mass and lean body mass. An association between such factors and BMD would suggest that prevention and education would be a helpful approach in treating patients with osteoporosis. We designed this study to reveal the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and several behavioral factors in Korean male adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data from 1038 community-dwelling men over 20 years of age who had participated in the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2009 were collected from Seoul city and Kyungi province. Bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors (smoking, alcohol, exercise, body mass index, total fat mass) were assessed. We estimated the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors using ANCOVA with adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol and exercise status.
RESULTS
Using multinomial logistic regression analysis, exercise 1 to 3 times a week, alcohol consumption once a week, body mass index and total lean body mass were positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD) of the total femur and femur neck. Age was negatively associated with BMD. Smoking and total fat mass were not associated with BMD.
CONCLUSIONS
According to our results, maintaining adequate total lean body mass with regular exercise is as important as maintaining body weight and bone mineral density (BMD) in order to prevent osteoporosis in male adults.