Nutr Res Pract.  2014 Aug;8(4):469-475.

Moderate diet-induced weight loss is associated with improved insulin sensitivity in middle-aged healthy obese Korean women

• Lee HO
• Yim JE
• Kim YS
• Choue R

Abstract

BACKGROUND
/OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of moderate caloric restriction on beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in middle-aged obese Korean women.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
Fifty-seven obese pre-menopausal Korean women participated in a 12-week calorie restriction program. Data on total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, blood pressure, leptin and anthropometrics were collected. A dietary intake assessment was based on three days of food recording. Additionally, beta-cell function [homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell (HOMA-beta), insulinogenic index (ISI), C-peptide:glucose ratio, and area under curve insulin/glucose (AUCins/glu)] and insulin sensitivity [homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and Matsuda index (MI)] were recorded.
RESULTS
When calories were reduced by an average of 422 kcal/day for 12 weeks, BMI (-2.7%), body fat mass (-10.2%), and waist circumference (-5%) all decreased significantly (P < 0.05). After calorie restriction, weight, body fat percentage, hip circumference, BP, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, plasma glucose at fasting, insulin at fasting and 120 min, AUCglu and the insulin area under the curve all decreased significantly (all P < 0.05), while insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR, QUICKI and Matsuda index) measured by OGTT improved significantly (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Moderate weight loss due to caloric restriction with reduction in insulin resistance improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in middle-aged obese women and thereby may help prevent the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Keyword

Oderate weight loss; beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity

MeSH Terms

Adipose Tissue
Area Under Curve
Blood Glucose
Blood Pressure
Body Weight
C-Peptide
Caloric Restriction
Cholesterol
Cholesterol, HDL
Cholesterol, LDL
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Fasting
Female
Glucose
Glucose Tolerance Test
Hip
Humans
Insulin
Insulin Resistance*
Leptin
Triglycerides
Waist Circumference
Weight Loss*
C-Peptide
Cholesterol
Cholesterol, HDL
Cholesterol, LDL
Glucose
Insulin
Leptin
Triglycerides

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels after OGTT. Significantly different between the values at baseline and after CR by paired t-test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).

• 

  Fig. 2 Indices of beta cell function and insulin sensitivity at baseline and after caloric restriction. CR; caloric reduction, HOMA-β; Homeostasis model assessment of β-cell, AUC; Area under curve, HOMA-IR; Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, QUICKI; Quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index. Significantly different between the values at baseline and after CR by paired t-test (*P < 0.05, *P < 0.01).

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