Nutr Res Pract.  2011 Jun;5(3):192-197.

Effects of Panicum miliaceum L. extract on adipogenic transcription factors and fatty acid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

• Park MY
• Seo DW
• Lee JY
• Sung MK
• Lee YM
• Jang HH
• Choi HY
• Kim JH
• Park DS

Abstract

The dietary intake of whole grains is known to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. To investigate whether there are anti-adipogenic activities in various Korean cereals, we assessed water extracts of nine cereals. The results showed that treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, Setaria italica Beauvois, or Panicum miliaceum L. extract significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation, as determined by measuring oil red-O staining, triglyceride accumulation, and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Among the nine cereals, P. miliaceum L. showed the highest anti-adipogenic activity. The effects of P. miliaceum L. on mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, and the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha were evaluated, revealing that the extract significantly decreased the expression of these genes in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, P. miliaceum L. extract changed the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids in adipocytes, which is related to biological activity and cell characteristics. These results suggest that some cereals efficiently suppress adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In particular, the effect of P. miliaceum L. on adipocyte differentiation is associated with the downregulation of adipogenic genes and fatty acid accumulation in adipocytes.

Keyword

Cereals; anti-adipogenic; 3T3-L1 cell; differentiation; adipogenesis

MeSH Terms

3T3-L1 Cells
Adipocytes
Adipogenesis
Cardiovascular Diseases
Edible Grain
Chronic Disease
Down-Regulation
Fatty Acids
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
Glycerol
Glycerophosphates
Incidence
Obesity
Oxidoreductases
Panicum
Peroxisomes
RNA, Messenger
Setaria Plant
Sorghum
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1
Transcription Factors
Water
Fatty Acids
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
Glycerol
Glycerophosphates
Oxidoreductases
RNA, Messenger
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1
Transcription Factors
Water

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Effects of cereal extracts on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Preadipocytes were cultured in media containing different cereal extracts from day 0 to day 6, and lipid accumulation was measured by (A) oil red O staining and (B) TG content. Data are expressed as means ± SDs (n = 4). *P < 0.05 vs. C (untreated control adipocytes). The results represent three independent experiments.

• 

  Fig. 2 Effects of cereal extracts on glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Preadipocytes were cultured in media containing different cereal extracts from day 0 to day 6, and GPDH activity was measured. Data are expressed as means ± SDs (n = 4). *P < 0.05 vs. C (untreated control adipocytes). The results represent three independent experiments.

• 

  Fig. 3 Effect of the P. miliaceum L. extract on real-time PCR analysis in 3T3-L1 cells. Preadipocytes were cultured in media containing different concentrations of P. miliaceum L. from day 0 to day 6. After 2, 4, and 6 days, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) mRNA expression was measured. A, PPARγ; B, C/EBPα; C, SREBP1. Data are expressed as means ± SDs (n = 4). *P < 0.05 vs. 0 µg/ml. The results represent three independent experiments.

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