J Clin Neurol.  2014 Oct;10(4):304-313. 10.3988/jcn.2014.10.4.304.

Sleep Disturbances and Predictive Factors in Caregivers of Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

• Lee D
• Heo SH
• Yoon SS
• Chang DI
• Lee S
• Rhee HY
• Ku BD
• Park KC

• KMID: 2287509
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2014.10.4.304

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
We examined the characteristics of sleep disturbances and sleep patterns in the caregivers of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and dementia.
METHODS
We prospectively studied 132 patients (60 with aMCI and 72 with dementia) and their caregivers, and 52 noncaregiver controls. All caregivers and controls completed several sleep questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The patients were administered neuropsychological tests and the neuropsychiatric inventory to evaluate their behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD).
RESULTS
The PSQI global score was 6.25+/-3.88 (mean+/-SD) for the dementia caregivers and 5.47+/-3.53 for the aMCI caregivers. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-S) predicted higher PSQI global scores in aMCI caregivers, and higher scores for the ISI, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and GDS-S in dementia caregivers. BPSD, including not only agitation, depression, and appetite change in dementia patients, but also depression, apathy, and disinhibition in aMCI patients, was related to impaired sleep quality of caregivers, but nighttime behavior was not. Age and gender were not risk factors for disturbed sleep quality.
CONCLUSIONS
Dementia and aMCI caregivers exhibit impaired quality of sleep versus non-caregivers. ISI, GDS-S, and ESS scores are strong indicators of poor sleep in dementia caregivers. In addition, some BPSD and parts of the neuropsychological tests may be predictive factors of sleep disturbance in dementia caregivers.

Keyword

sleep disturbance; caregiver; Alzheimer's disease; vascular dementia; mild cognitive impairment

MeSH Terms

Alzheimer Disease
Apathy
Appetite
Caregivers*
Dementia*
Dementia, Vascular
Depression
Dihydroergotamine
Humans
Mild Cognitive Impairment*
Neuropsychological Tests
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Surveys and Questionnaires
Dihydroergotamine

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