J Adv Prosthodont.  2015 Jun;7(3):214-223. 10.4047/jap.2015.7.3.214.

The effect of various sandblasting conditions on surface changes of dental zirconia and shear bond strength between zirconia core and indirect composite resin

• Su N
• Yue L
• Liao Y
• Liu W
• Zhang H
• Li X
• Wang H
• Shen J

• KMID: 2284707
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2015.7.3.214

Abstract

PURPOSE
To measure the surface loss of dental restorative zirconia and the short-term bond strength between an indirect composite resin (ICR) and zirconia ceramic after various sandblasting processes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three hundred zirconia bars were randomly divided into 25 groups according to the type of sandblasting performed with pressures of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 MPa, sandblasting times of 7, 14 and 21 seconds, and alumina powder sizes of 50 and 110 microm. The control group did not receive sandblasting. The volume loss and height loss on zirconia surface after sandblasting and the shear bond strength (SBS) between the sandblasted zirconia and ICR after 24-h immersion were measured for each group using multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Least Significance Difference (LSD) test (alpha=.05). After sandblasting, the failure modes of the ICR/zirconia surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy.
RESULTS
The volume loss and height loss were increased with higher sandblasting pressure and longer sandblasting treatment, but they decreased with larger powder size. SBS was significantly increased by increasing the sandblasting time from 7 seconds to 14 seconds and from 14 seconds to 21 seconds, as well as increasing the size of alumina powder from 50 microm to 110 microm. SBS was significantly increased from 0.1 MPa to 0.2 MPa according to the size of alumina powder. However, the SBSs were not significantly different with the sandblasting pressure of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 MPa. The possibilities of the combination of both adhesive failure and cohesive failure within the ICR were higher with the increases in bonding strength.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of this study, sandblasting with alumina particles at 0.2 MPa, 21 seconds and the powder size of 110 microm is recommended for dental applications to improve the bonding between zirconia core and ICR.

Keyword

All-ceramic; Bond strength; Indirect composite; Sandblasting; Zirconia

MeSH Terms

Adhesives
Aluminum Oxide
Ceramics
Immersion
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Multivariate Analysis
Adhesives
Aluminum Oxide
Ceramics

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of specimen size and test design.

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  Fig. 2 Volume loss (A) and height loss (B) of Y-TZP zirconia after polishing (Group 0) or after different types of sandblasting (* means there is a statistical significance between groups while the other two factors are constant).

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  Fig. 3 Surface roughness of Y-TZP zirconia after polishing (G0) or after different types of sandblasting (* means there is a statistical significance between groups while the other two factors are constant).

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  Fig. 4 SEM images of representative groups after surface polishing or sandblasting. (A) zirconia surface after polishing without sandblasting. Grooves caused by the polishing are visible. Zirconia surfaces after sandblasting at pressure, sandblasting time, and particle size of: (B) 0.1 MPa, 7 seconds, and 50 µm; (C) 0.1 MPa, 21 seconds and 50 µm; (D) 0.1 MPa, 7 seconds and 110 µm; (E) 0.6 MPa, 7 seconds and 50 µm; (F) 0.2 MPa, 21 seconds and 110 µm (recommended sandblasting condition).

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  Fig. 5 Shear bond strength of bilayered structures of Y-TZP zirconia core with veneer indirect composite resin after polishing (Group 0) or after different types of sandblasting. (* means there is a statistical significance between groups while the other two factors are constant; + means there is not statistical significance between groups while the other two factors are constant).

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  Fig. 6 SEM images (A-C) and optical telescope images (D-F) of failure mode after SBS test of zirconia and indirect composite resin. A and D show adhesive fractures on the interface between the core and veneer. The indirect composite resin of the veneer has been completely removed from the zirconia surface (marked as Zirconia) after the shear-bond strength test. B, C, E, and F show combined adhesive failures and cohesive failure within the indirect composite resin. There was some residual indirect composite resin (marked as Resin) bonding on the zirconia surface (marked as Zirconia) after the shear-bond strength test.

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