Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol.  2012 Mar;5(1):39-43.

A Prospective Population-based Study of Total Nasal Resistance in Korean Subjects

• Kim SJ
• Choi JH
• Kim EJ
• Lee SK
• Lee SH
• Jun YJ
• Kim JH
• Miyazaki S
• Shin C

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Rhinomanometry is a widely accepted method for objective assessment of nasal patency. However, few studies have reported the values of otherwise healthy population for nasal resistance in East Asians. The purpose of this study was to measure normal total nasal resistance (TNR) values in a large sample of Korean adults and to reveal parameters contributing to TNR values.
METHODS
Subjects were enrolled from a cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. They were evaluated by anthropometry, questionnaire, and active anterior rhinomanometry at transnasal pressures of 100 and 150 Pascal (Pa).
RESULTS
The study sample consisted of 2,538 healthy subjects (1,298 women and 1,240 men) aged 20 to 80 years. Normal reference TNR values were 0.19+/-0.08 Pa/cm3/second at 100 Pa and 0.22+/-0.09 Pa/cm3/second at 150 Pa. The TNR of women was significantly higher than that of men (P<0.0001). TNR decreased with increasing age in both genders (P<0.05). In women, lower body weight was related to increasing TNR. In men, current smokers had higher TNR than ex-smokers and never smokers.
CONCLUSION
The results of the present study provide information regarding the values of otherwise healthy population of TNR and parameters associated with TNR in Korean adults.

Keyword

Adult; Body weight; Nasal obstruction; Reference values; Rhinomanometry; Smoking

MeSH Terms

Adult
Aged
Anthropometry
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Body Weight
Cohort Studies
Female
Genome
Humans
Male
Nasal Obstruction
Prospective Studies
Reference Values
Rhinomanometry
Smoking
Surveys and Questionnaires

Reference

1. Ohki M, Naito K, Cole P. Dimensions and resistances of the human nose: racial differences. Laryngoscope. 1991; 3. 101(3):276–278. PMID: 2000015.

2. Kim CS, Moon BK, Jung DH, Min YG. Correlation between nasal obstruction symptoms and objective parameters of acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry. Auris Nasus Larynx. 1998; 1. 25(1):45–48. PMID: 9512794.

3. Janosevic L, Dotlic J, Janosevic S, Dudvarski Z, Milovanovic A, Pendjer I. Computerized rhinomanometry: a study of total nasal resistance normal values. Acta Chir Iugosl. 2009; 56(3):51–54. PMID: 20218102.

4. Chaaban M, Corey JP. Assessing nasal air flow: options and utility. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2011; 3. 8(1):70–78. PMID: 21364224.

5. Clement PA, Hirsch C. Rhinomanometry: a review. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1984; 46(4):173–191. PMID: 6379549.

6. Clement PA, Gordts F. Standardisation Committee on Objective Assessment of the Nasal Airway, IRS, and ERS. Consensus report on acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry. Rhinology. 2005; 9. 43(3):169–179. PMID: 16218509.

7. Clement PA. Committee report on standardization of rhinomanometry. Rhinology. 1984; 9. 22(3):151–155. PMID: 6505516.

8. Canakcioglu S, Tahamiler R, Saritzali G, Isildak H, Alimoglu Y. Nasal patency by rhinomanometry in patients with sensation of nasal obstruction. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009; May-Jun. 23(3):300–302. PMID: 19490805.

9. Pirila T, Tikanto J. Acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry in the preoperative screening of septal surgery patients. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009; Nov-Dec. 23(6):605–609. PMID: 19958611.

10. Di Rienzo Businco L, Di Rienzo Businco A, Lauriello M. Comparative study on the effectiveness of Coblation-assisted turbinoplasty in allergic rhinitis. Rhinology. 2010; 6. 48(2):174–178. PMID: 20502756.

11. Gindros G, Kantas I, Balatsouras DG, Kaidoglou A, Kandiloros D. Comparison of ultrasound turbinate reduction, radiofrequency tissue ablation and submucosal cauterization in inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010; 11. 267(11):1727–1733. PMID: 20432043.

12. Cho YS, Go MJ, Kim YJ, Heo JY, Oh JH, Ban HJ, et al. A large-scale genome-wide association study of Asian populations uncovers genetic factors influencing eight quantitative traits. Nat Genet. 2009; 5. 41(5):527–534. PMID: 19396169.

13. Jones AS, Lancer JM, Stevens JC, Beckingham E. Nasal resistance to airflow (its measurement, reproducibility and normal parameters). J Laryngol Otol. 1987; 8. 101(8):800–808. PMID: 3655533.

14. Cole P. Stability of nasal airflow resistance. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1989; 4. 14(2):177–182. PMID: 2656007.

15. Shelton DM, Eiser NM. Evaluation of active anterior and posterior rhinomanometry in normal subjects. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1992; 4. 17(2):178–182. PMID: 1587036.

16. Suzina AH, Hamzah M, Samsudin AR. Active anterior rhinomanometry analysis in normal adult Malays. J Laryngol Otol. 2003; 8. 117(8):605–608. PMID: 12956913.

17. Morris S, Jawad MS, Eccles R. Relationships between vital capacity, height and nasal airway resistance in asymptomatic volunteers. Rhinology. 1992; 12. 30(4):259–264. PMID: 1470827.

18. Vig PS, Zajac DJ. Age and gender effects on nasal respiratory function in normal subjects. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1993; 5. 30(3):279–284. PMID: 8292136.

19. Syabbalo NC, Bundgaard A, Entholm P, Schmidt A, Widdicombe JG. Measurement and regulation of nasal airflow resistance in man. Rhinology. 1986; 6. 24(2):87–101. PMID: 3738373.

20. Lindemann J, Sannwald D, Wiesmiller K. Age-related changes in intranasal air conditioning in the elderly. Laryngoscope. 2008; 8. 118(8):1472–1475. PMID: 18545216.

21. Coskun N, Yavuz A, Dikici MB, Sindel T, Islamoglu K, Sindel M. Three-dimensional measurements of the nasal interdomal fat pad. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2008; 3. 32(2):262–265. PMID: 17943343.

22. Westerbacka J, Corner A, Tiikkainen M, Tamminen M, Vehkavaara S, Hakkinen AM, et al. Women and men have similar amounts of liver and intra-abdominal fat, despite more subcutaneous fat in women: implications for sex differences in markers of cardiovascular risk. Diabetologia. 2004; 8. 47(8):1360–1369. PMID: 15309287.