Comparisons of Body Composition and 12 Week Combined Exercise Intervention-mediated Effects According to ACE and IGF-1 Gene Polymorphisms in Children

Kim, Kijin; Ahn, Nayoung; Hong, Changbae; Kim, Sanghyun; Ko, Jinho

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic effects through interaction of ACE gene and IGF-1 polymorphism on the anthropometric measurements of the subjects. The effects of a 12 week combined exercise program were also investigated to provide better methods for preventing and managing childhood obesity.
METHODS
Subjects comprised of 179 (111 boys; 68 girls) 4th grade elementary school students who participated in a 12 week exercise program involving 3 sessions/week of both aerobic and anaerobic exercise. The students were categorized into 9 different groups according to IGF-1 and ACE gene polymorphism. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percent (%fat), lean body mass (LBM), body circumference and skinfold thickness were measured. The effects after the 12 week exercise program were analyzed among the different groups.
RESULTS
The BMI of Non-DD group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than Non-ID group, the %fat and fat mass of Non-II group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than 192/192-ID, 192/Non-DD and Non-ID groups. After the exercise program, the weight of 192/Non-II, 192/Non-ID and 192/Non-DD group were significantly (P < 0.05) increased compared to Non-II and Non-ID group. The BMI of Non-ID group were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased than 192/Non-ID group. The %fat of 192/192-II and Non-DD group were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased than 192/Non-ID group. The %fat of 192/192-II and Non-DD group were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased than 192/Non-DD group. The fat mass of 192/192-II group were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased compared to 192/Non-DD group.
CONCLUSION
The body composition was probably affected by ACE rather than IGF-1 polymorphism. D allele of ACE gene is postulated to manifest lower body fat % compared to I allele. The exercise effects on body composition was more effective in I allele of 192/192 group and in D allele of Non carriers group. Exercise-mediated change on body composition may differ according to ACE gene polymorphism.