Korean Circ J.  2007 Oct;37(10):470-474. 10.4070/kcj.2007.37.10.470.

Hypertension, a Low Ejection Fraction and Severe Angiographic Findings are Associated with Smooth Muscle Dysfunction in Patients with Coronary Atherosclerosis

• Bae JH
• Rihal CS
• Hyun DW
• Park KR
• Kwon TG
• Yoon HJ
• Lerman A

• KMID: 2227047
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2007.37.10.470

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nitroglycerin-mediated arterial dilation (NMD) was shown to be preserved in most previous studies, and this is possibly due to using a single high dose of nitroglycerin (NTG), which causes maximal arterial dilation. We sought to evaluate the clinical factors of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and NMD at different doses of NTG in the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Thirty-two consecutive patients (mean age: 61 years old, 18 males) with angiographically proven CAD underwent FMD and NMD at total cumulative doses of 25microgram, 175microgram and 325microgram with using high-resolution ultrasound for the imaging.
RESULTS
The FMD, NMD (25microgram), NMD (175microgram) and NMD (325microgram) were 4.72+/-1.82%, 7.08+/-3.02%, 13.33+/-6.14% and 15.89+/-7.24%, respectively (p<0.001 compared with each other). Univariate analysis showed that the FMD is associated with the serum homocysteine level, the NMD (25microgram) is associated with the body mass index, the NMD (175microgram) is associated with the fasting blood sugar and the ejection fraction, and the NMD (325microgram) is associated with the fasting blood sugar, while there was no significant difference of the FMD and NMD according to the presence of CAD risk factors. Multivariate analysis disclosed that the independent factors of FMD were the serum homocysteine and triglyceride levels, and those of NMD (25microgram) were hypertension, a low ejection fraction and severe coronary angiographic findings, while there was no independent factor for NMD (175microgram) and NMD (325microgram).
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that hypertension, a low ejection fraction and significant stenotic coronary lesion may be associated with endothelium-independent smooth muscle dysfunction at low dose NTG, while the serum homocysteine and triglyceride levels are associated with endothelium-dependent endothelial dysfunction in the patients with CAD. Using low-dose NTG is important when measuring the NMD.

Keyword

Muscle, smooth; Endothelium; Nitroglycerin; Coronary atherosclerosis

MeSH Terms

Blood Glucose
Body Mass Index
Coronary Artery Disease*
Endothelium
Fasting
Homocysteine
Humans
Hypertension*
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Muscle, Smooth*
Nitroglycerin
Risk Factors
Triglycerides
Ultrasonography
Blood Glucose
Homocysteine
Nitroglycerin

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Schematic diagram showing the study sequence and the definition of FMD, NMD25µg, NMD175µg and NMD325µg. BAD: brachial artery diameter, NTG: nitroglycerin, SL: sublingual, min: minutes, FMD: flow-mediated dilation, NMD: nitroglycerin-mediated arterial dilation.

• 

  Fig. 2 Comparison of FMD, NMD25µg, NMD175µg and NMD 325µg in the study patients. FMD: flow-mediated dilation, NMD: nitroglycerin-mediated arterial dilation.

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