Korean Circ J.  2014 Nov;44(6):423-428. 10.4070/kcj.2014.44.6.423.

The Effect of Radiographic Contrast Media on Reperfusion Injury in the Isolated Rat Heart

• Lee SY
• Jang YH
• Lee MY
• Hwang J
• Lee SH
• Chon MK
• Hwang SA
• Kim JS
• Park YH
• Chun KJ
• Kim JH

• KMID: 2223859
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2014.44.6.423

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
We investigated the effects of commonly used contrast media (CM) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of regional ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion. The following CM (1 mL/1 L Krebs-Henseleit buffer) were randomly perfused for 15 minutes beginning 5 minutes before reperfusion and ending 10 minutes after reperfusion: iohexol (n=8), iopromide (n=8), ioversol (n=8), iomeprol (n=8), iopamidol (n=7), ioxaglate (n=8), and iodixanol (n=7). The effects of a direct bolus injection of undiluted iohexol, iopromide, or ioxaglate (each n=6) via the aortic root immediately prior to reperfusion were also evaluated. The area of necrosis, expressed as the percentage of the area at risk (AN/AR), and cardiodynamic variables were measured.
RESULTS
The AN/AR of the control and experimental groups in the order described in methods was 33.7+/-6.4%, 30.3+/-7.4%, 34.7+/-12.6%, 29.2+/-10.2%, 20.9+/-7.6%, 22.6+/-8.7%, 18.8+/-7.9%, and 19.9+/-11.4%, respectively. Groups that received iomeprol and ioxaglate exhibited significantly decreased AN/AR values compared to those of control hearts (p=0.042 and p=0.013). No significant differences in the AN/AR were observed between control hearts and the groups injected with a single bolus of CM. No significant hemodynamic changes were noted after reperfusion among the groups.
CONCLUSION
The overall effects of the CM on coronary reperfusion were not deleterious, and better effects were noted in two CM groups. However, it is unclear whether this result was attributed to a specific physiochemical property of the CM.

Keyword

Contrast media; Heart; Myocardial infarction; Myocardial reperfusion

MeSH Terms

Animals
Contrast Media*
Heart*
Hemodynamics
Iohexol
Iopamidol
Ioxaglic Acid
Ischemia
Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial Reperfusion
Necrosis
Rats*
Reperfusion
Reperfusion Injury*
Contrast Media
Iohexol
Iopamidol
Ioxaglic Acid

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Physiochemical properties of the contrast media (CM), particularly focusing on osmolality and viscosity. Note that ioxaglate 320 and iodixanol 320 have similar viscosity and osmolality.

• 

  Fig. 2 Representative images obtained during measurements. The midportion of the left ventricle of a control heart (A) and a diluted ioxaglateperfused heart (B) after triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining are shown. Intact myocardium can be discriminated by the fluorescent area under UV light. The other side of the dotted line is the area at risk (AR) (C). The area of necrosis (AN) is identified as the region not stained by TTC under natural light (D). UV: ultraviolet.

• 

  Fig. 3 Area of necrosis (AN) as a percentage of the area at risk (AR) in protocol 1. Contrast media (CM) was perfused continuously from 5 minutes before reperfusion to 10 minutes after reperfusion. Shaded box indicates the lower viscosity group. Values are means±standard deviations *p<0.05 vs. CON. CON: untreated control hearts, LOCM: low-osmolality CM, IOCM: iso-osmolality CM.

• 

  Fig. 4 Area of necrosis (AN) as a percentage of the area at risk (AR) in protocol 2. Iohexol-S, iopromide-S, and ioxaglate-S indicate single bolus injections of iohexol, iopromide, and ioxaglate, respectively. Values are means± standard deviations. No significant differences in AN/AR were observed between the CON and experimental groups. CON: untreated control hearts.

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