J Korean Ophthalmol Soc.  2011 Dec;52(12):1440-1447. 10.3341/jkos.2011.52.12.1440.

A Randomized, Prospective Clinical Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in Ophthalmologic Microsurgery

• Kim MJ
• Lee JH
• Yoon YR
• Kim HK

• KMID: 2215147
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2011.52.12.1440

Abstract

PURPOSE
To report the results of a clinical comparison study of a prophylactic new generation fluoroquinolone (FQs; levofloxacin 0.5%, gatifloxacin 0.3% and moxifloxacin 0.5%) topical antibiotic regimen administered prior to intraocular microsurgery.
METHODS
From May 2007 to April 2010, Trial 1, 214 eyes of 211 patients scheduled for intravitreal injection were randomized into one of three FQ-treated groups or the control (non-treated) group. Patients who were randomized into FQ-treated groups were treated with eye drops containing one of three FQ antibiotics (levofloxacin 0.5%, gatifloxacin 0.3% and moxifloxacin 0.5%) preoperatively four times a day for three days before surgery. The rate of positive bacterial cultures from conjunctival scrapings were assessed and compared. Trial 2, 159 eyes of 159 patients scheduled for cataract surgery were randomized into one of three FQ-treated groups, and treated with eye drops as same method in trial 1. The concentration of antibiotics in the anterior chamber of the eye were measured and compared.
RESULTS
The positive bacterial culture rates of trial 1 were 48.9%, 38.3%, 23.4% in the levofloxacin-treated group, the gatifloxacin- group, and the moxifloxacin-treated group, respectively. These rates were all significantly lower than the 70.2% positivity rate observed in the control group. Average antibiotic residue concentrations in the aqueous humor measured in trial 2 were 0.37 +/- 0.49 microg/ml in the levofloxacin-treated group, 0.31 +/- 0.37 microg/ml in the gatifloxacin-treated group and 0.59 +/- 0.72 microg/ml in the moxifloxacin-treated group. These concentrations were not significantly different. There were no reported side effects during the study period.
CONCLUSIONS
Eye drops containing new generation FQ antibiotics instilled three days before microscopic ophthalmic surgery can be used safely and effectively for the prevention of postoperative endophthalmitis.

Keyword

Clinical trial; Fluoroquinolone antibiotics; Postoperative endophthalmitis; Prevention; Safety

MeSH Terms

Anterior Chamber
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Aqueous Humor
Aza Compounds
Cataract
Endophthalmitis
Eye
Fluoroquinolones
Humans
Intravitreal Injections
Microsurgery
Ofloxacin
Ophthalmic Solutions
Prospective Studies
Quinolines
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Aza Compounds
Fluoroquinolones
Ofloxacin
Ophthalmic Solutions
Quinolines

Figure

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  Figure 1. Schematic flow diagram of clinical trial 1.

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  Figure 2. Schematic flow diagram of clinical trial 2.

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  Figure 3. Comparison of residual concentration of antibiotics in the aqueous humor.

Reference

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