J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2010 Jun;40(3):125-131. 10.5051/jpis.2010.40.3.125.

Investigation of bone formation using calcium phosphate glass cement in beagle dogs

• Lee SB
• Jung UW
• Choi Y
• Jamiyandorj O
• Kim CS
• Lee YK
• Chai JK
• Choi SH

• KMID: 2212139
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2010.40.3.125

Abstract

PURPOSE
Among available biomaterials, bioceramics have drawn special interest due to their bioactivity and the possibility of tailoring their composition. The degradation rate and formulation of bioceramics can be altered to mimic the compositions of the mineral phase of bone. The aim of this study was to investigate the bone formation effect of amorphous calcium phosphate glass cement (CPGC) synthesized by a melting and quenching process.
METHODS
In five male beagle dogs, 4 x 4 mm 1-wall intrabony defects were created bilaterally at the mesial or distal aspect of the mandibular second and fourth premolars. Each of the four defects was divided according to graft materials: CPGC with collagen membrane (CM), biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) with CM, CM alone, or a surgical flap operation only. The dogs were sacrificed 8 weeks post-surgery, and block sections of the defects were collected for histologic and histometric analysis.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in bone formation and cementum regeneration between the experimental and control groups. In particular, the CPGC and BCP groups showed greater bone formation than the CM and control groups.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, CPGC was replaced rapidly with an abundant volume of new bone; CPGC also contributed slightly to regeneration of the periodontal apparatus.

Keyword

Bone substitutes; Calcium phosphates; Osteogenesis

MeSH Terms

Animals
Bicuspid
Biocompatible Materials
Bone Substitutes
Calcium
Calcium Phosphates
Collagen
Dental Cementum
Dogs
Freezing
Glass
Humans
Hydrazines
Hydroxyapatites
Male
Membranes
Osteogenesis
Regeneration
Surgical Flaps
Transplants
Biocompatible Materials
Bone Substitutes
Calcium
Calcium Phosphates
Collagen
Hydrazines
Hydroxyapatites

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Clinical photograph (A) and radiograph (B) showing surgically prepared 1-wall intrabony defects at the mesial aspect of the second premolar and fourth premolar (A: collagen membrane group or control group, B: calcium phosphate glass cement group or biphasic calcium phosphate).

• 

  Figure 2 Schematic diagram depicting the landmarks and the parameters used in histometric analysis. The heights of new bone, new cementum, epithelial, and connective tissue attachment in 4 × 4 mm 1-wall intrabony defects were measured using an automated image analysis system.

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  Figure 3 Surgical sections from the calcium phosphate glass cement (CPGC) group. (A) Histologic view of the CPGC group. Most particles were resorbed and new bone was formed above the notch (H&E, ×20; base of reference notch [bN]: arrow; height of new bone: black diamond; CPGC particle: black star; bar = 2 mm). (B) Histologic view of magnified black square area (×200). Osteoblast-like cells were observed around remaining particles. Peripheral new bone was woven bone with isolated osteocytes (H&E, ×200; CPGC particle: black star; NB: new bone; WB: woven bone; bar = 0.1 mm).

• 

  Figure 4 Surgical sections from the biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) group. (A) Histologic view of BCP group. There were more remaining particles than in the calcium phosphate glass cement (CPGC) group. New bone was formed above the notch (H&E, ×20; base of reference notch [bN]: arrow; the height of new bone: black diamond; BCP particle: black star; bar = 2 mm). (B) Histologic view of magnified black square area (×200). Multi-nucleated giant cells were arranged around particles and woven bone was formed (H&E, ×200; BCP particle: black star; NB: new bone; WB: woven bone; bar = 0.1 mm).

• 

  Figure 5 Surgical sections from the collagen membrane (CM) group and the control group. (A) Histologic view of the CM group. A small amount of new bone was formed above the notch. Thick connective tissue was present (H&E, ×20; base of reference notch [bN]: arrow; height of new bone: black diamond; bar = 2 mm). (B) Histologic view of the control group. There was very little new bone above the notch. Long junctional epithelium was observed and inflammatory cell infiltrate was relatively strong (H&E, ×20; base of reference notch [bN]: arrow; height of new bone: black diamond; bar = 2 mm).

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