J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2014 Aug;44(4):169-177. 10.5051/jpis.2014.44.4.169.

Serum level changes of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients undergoing periodontal therapy combined with one year of omega-3 supplementation: a pilot randomized clinical trial

• Martinez G
• Koury JC
• Martins MA
• Nogueira F
• Fischer RG
• Gustafsson A
• Figueredo

• KMID: 2212010
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2014.44.4.169

Abstract

PURPOSE
We aimed to investigate the impact of nonsurgical periodontal treatment combined with one-year dietary supplementation with omega (omega)-3 on the serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and arachidonic acid (AA).
METHODS
Fifteen patients with chronic generalized periodontitis were treated with scaling and root planing. The test group consisted of seven patients (43.1+/-6.0 years) supplemented with omega-3, consisting of EPA plus DHA, three capsules, each of 300 mg of omega-3 (180-mg EPA/120-mg DHA), for 12 months. The control group was composed of eight patients (46.1+/-11.6 years) that took a placebo capsule for 12 months. The periodontal examination and the serum levels of DPA, EPA, DHA, and AA were performed at baseline (T0), and 4 (T1), and 12 (T2) months after therapy.
RESULTS
In the test group, AA and DPA levels had been reduced significantly at T1 (P<0.05). AA and EPA levels had been increased significantly at T2 (P<0.05). The DeltaEPA was significantly higher in the test compared to the placebo group at T2-T0 (P=0.02). The AA/EPA had decreased significantly at T1 and T2 relative to baseline (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Nonsurgical periodontal treatment combined with omega-3 supplementation significantly increased the EPA levels and decreased the AA/EPA ratio in serum after one year follow-up. However, no effect on the clinical outcome of periodontal therapy was observed.

Keyword

Arachidonic acid; Omega-3 fatty acid; Periodontitis

MeSH Terms

Arachidonic Acid
Capsules
Dietary Supplements
Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Fatty Acids*
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Periodontitis
Root Planing
Arachidonic Acid
Capsules
Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Fatty Acids

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 The omega (ω)-3 and ω-6 long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (µM/L) serum levels for patients in placebo and test groups at baseline, four, and 12 months are presented. Eicosapentaenoic acid levels (EPA) in test (A) and in placebo group (B). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in test (C) and in placebo group (D). Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) levels in test (E) and in placebo group (F). Arachidonic acid (AA) levels for patients in test (G) and in placebo (H) group.

• 

  Figure 2 The omega (ω)-6/ω-3 and arachidonic acid (AA)/LALC-PUFA ratio in serum levels (µM/L) for patients in placebo and test groups at baseline, four, and 12 months are presented. AA/eicosapentaenoic acid levels (EPA) serum levels in test group (A) and in placebo group (B). AA/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) serum levels in test group (C) and in placebo group (D). AA/docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) serum levels in group test (E) and in placebo group (F).

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