J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2014 Feb;44(1):25-32. 10.5051/jpis.2014.44.1.25.

Omega 3 fatty acids as a host modulator in chronic periodontitis patients: a randomised, double-blind, palcebo-controlled, clinical trial

• Deore GD
• Gurav AN
• Patil R
• Shete AR
• NaikTari R
• Inamdar SP

• KMID: 1845878
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2014.44.1.25

Abstract

PURPOSE
Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused predominantly by gram-negative anerobes. The host inflammatory response to these bacteria causes alveolar bone loss that is characterized as periodontitis. Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties, thus have been used to treat some chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease and rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 FAs as a host modulating agent in patients with chronic periodontitis.
METHODS
Sixty otherwise healthy subjects with moderate and severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in our randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The control group (CG, n=30) was treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) and given a placebo; the treatment group (TG, n=30) was treated with SRP and dietary supplementation of omega-3 FAs (one 300 mg tablet daily for 12 weeks). Periodontal clinical parameters and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated in all patients at baseline, a 6-week and 12-week period after treatment.
RESULTS
A significant reduction in the gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level was found in the TG compared to the CG at a 12-week period. However, no statistically significant changes in serum CRP levels were found.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that omega-3 FAs can successfully reduce gingival inflammation, pocket depth, and attachment level gain. Dietary supplementation with omega-3 FAs may have potential benefits as a host modulatory agent in the prevention and/or adjunctive management of chronic periodontitis.

Keyword

Chronic periodontitis; C-reactive protein; Omega-3 fatty acids

MeSH Terms

Alveolar Bone Loss
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
Bacteria
C-Reactive Protein
Cardiovascular Diseases
Chronic Periodontitis*
Communicable Diseases
Dietary Supplements
Fatty Acids, Omega-3*
Hemorrhage
Humans
Inflammation
Periodontal Index
Periodontitis
Root Planing
C-Reactive Protein
Fatty Acids, Omega-3

Figure

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  Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the study population.

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  Figure 2 The categorical distribution of the clinical attachment level (CAL) for each group at different periods.

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