J Nutr Health.  2015 Oct;48(5):381-389. 10.4163/jnh.2015.48.5.381.

High fructose and high fat diet increased bone volume of trabecular and cortical bone in growing female rats

• Ahn H
• Yoo S
• Park YK

• KMID: 2209872
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.5.381

Abstract

PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a high fructose and fat diet on bone growth and maturation in growing female rats.
METHODS
Three-week-old female SD rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups; the control group (CON: fed control diet based on AIN-93G, n = 8); the high-fructose diet group (HFrc: fed control diet with 30% fructose, n = 8); the high-fat diet group (Hfat: fed control diet with 45 kcal% fat, n = 8); and the high-fat diet plus high fructose group (HFrc + HFat: fed diets 45 kcal% fat with 30% fructose, n = 8). Each group was assigned their respective diets for the remaining eight weeks. Bone-related parameters (bone mineral density (BMD) and structural parameters, osteocalcin (OC), deoxypyridinoline (DPD)) and morphologic changes of kidney were analyzed at the end of the experiment.
RESULTS
Final body weights and weight gain were higher in the HFat and HFrc + HFat groups and showed higher tendency in the HFrc group compared with those of the CON group (p < 0.05); however, no significant difference in caloric intake was observed among the four experimental groups. The serum OC levels of the HFrc and HFrc + HFat groups were lower than those of the CON and HFat groups (p < 0.05). Urinary levels of DPD did not differ among the experimental groups. BV/TV and Tb.N of trabecular bone were higher in the HFrc + HFat group and showed a higher tendency in the HFrc group than those of the CON and HFat groups (p < 0.05). Tb.Pf of trabecular bone were lower in the HFrc + HFat group than those in the CON and HFat groups (p < 0.05). However, no difference in trabecular BMD was observed among the experimental groups. Cortical bone volume was higher in the HFat and HFrc + HFat groups than in the CON and HFrc groups (p < 0.05). No morphology change in kidney was observed among the experimental groups.
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that 8 weeks of high-fructose and high fat intake could improve the bone quality (Structural parameters) of trabecular and cortical bone of tibia in growing female rats.

Keyword

high-fructose diet; high-fat diet; kidney function; bone growth; growing rats

MeSH Terms

Animals
Body Weight
Bone Development
Diet
Diet, High-Fat*
Energy Intake
Female*
Fructose*
Humans
Kidney
Osteocalcin
Rats*
Tibia
Weight Gain
Fructose
Osteocalcin

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. Changes of body weight of experimental groups during 8 weeks. CON: rats received control-diet based on AIN-93G (4.0 kcal/g diet), HFrc: rats received 30% fructose-diet based on control-diet (4.0 kcal/g diet), HFat: rats received 45 kcal% fat-diet (4.8 kcal/g diet), HFrc + HFat: rats received 45 kcal% fat-diet with 30% fructose (4.8 kcal/g diet)

• 

  Fig. 2. Photomicrograph of glomerulus in the experimental groups taken at 8 weeks, pertaining to the respective groups (A: CON, B: HFrc, C: HFat, D: HFrc + HFat). All experimental groups showed normal glomeruli and tubules. H&E stained glomeruli ×400. Magnification bars 40 µm. CON: rats received control-diet based on AIN-93G (4.0 kcal/g diet), HFrc: rats received 30% fructose-diet based on control-diet (4.0 kcal/g diet), HFat: rats received45 kcal% fat-diet (4.8 kcal/g diet), HFrc + HFat: rats received 45 kcal% fat-diet with 30% fructose (4.8 kcal/g diet)

• 

  Fig. 3. Representative 3D images of trabecular bone (right tibia)taken at 8 weeks, pertaining to the respective groups (A: CON, B: HFrc, C: HFat, D: HFrc + HFat), obtained with in vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Changes in structural parameters (BV/TV, BS/ BV, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp, Tb.N, Tb.Pf, SMI and BMD) of trabecular bone over eight weeks were quantified and shown in Table 3. CON: rats received control-diet based on AIN-93G (4.0 kcal/g diet), HFrc: rats received 30% fructose-diet based on control-diet (4.0 kcal/g diet), HFat: rats received45 kcal% fat-diet (4.8 kcal/g diet), HFrc + HFat: rats received 45 kcal% fat-diet with 30% fructose (4.8 kcal/g diet)

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