J Korean Med Assoc.  2012 Oct;55(10):1005-1013. 10.5124/jkma.2012.55.10.1005.

Metabolic syndrome

• Kim MK
• Park JH

• KMID: 2192821
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2012.55.10.1005

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is defined as the simultaneous presence of central obesity, glucose abnormality, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, with the assumption that these entities share insulin resistance as a common pathophysiology. National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and International Diabetes Federation guidelines have led to uniformity and standardization of the definition of metabolic syndrome, but some confusion and controversy remains. The clinical relevance of metabolic syndrome is related to its role in the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This article provides a comprehensive discussion on the pathophysiologic basis and the pharmacologic treatments for metabolic syndrome. We do not yet have specific pharmacologic treatments for the essential pathophysiologies of metabolic syndrome, so meticulous control of each component is required.

Keyword

Metabolic syndrome; Pathophysiology; Therapeutics; Pharmacology

MeSH Terms

Adult
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cholesterol
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Dyslipidemias
Glucose
Humans
Hypertension
Insulin Resistance
Obesity, Abdominal
Cholesterol
Glucose

Figure

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  Figure 1 Metabolic syndrome and its related disorders.

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  Figure 2 Classic pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome.

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  Figure 3 Current researches on the detailed pathophysiologies of metabolic syndrome. CRH, corticotropin releasing hormone; AVP, arginine vasopressin; HPA, hypothalamic pituitary axis; SNS, sympathetic nervous system; RAA, renin angiotensin aldosterone; DM, diabetes mellitus.

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