J Korean Med Assoc.  2024 May;67(5):313-323. 10.5124/jkma.2024.67.5.313.

Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents

• Shim YS
• Lee HS
• Hwang JS

• KMID: 2554748
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2024.67.5.313

Abstract

Background
Metabolic syndrome is a serious condition associated with multiple diseases. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing caused by an increase in obesity rates among children and adolescents.
Current Concepts
Owing to the various definitions used, there is lack of consensus regarding the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Although the exact pathogenesis remains unclear, insulin resistance and subsequent inflammation are key mechanistic contributors. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by overweight and obesity accompanied by abnormalities in glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and hypertension and is associated with other conditions such as fatty liver, polycystic ovary syndrome, and a pro-inflammatory state. Prevention and management of metabolic syndrome can be achieved through lifestyle modifications, behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions.
Discussion and Conclusion
Childhood and adolescent obesity serves as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome during later life. Early identification and intervention are important to prevent the progression of metabolic syndrome. Clinicians must identify at-risk children and adolescents and provide guidance for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome.

Keyword

Obesity; Metabolic syndrome; Child; Adolescent; 비만; 대사증후군; 소아; 청소년