Endocrinol Metab.  2016 Mar;31(1):45-51. 10.3803/EnM.2016.31.1.45.

In Vivo Models for Incretin Research: From the Intestine to the Whole Body

• Oh TJ

• KMID: 2169691
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.1.45

Abstract

Incretin hormones are produced by enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in the intestine in response to ingested nutrient stimuli. The incretin effect is defined as the difference in the insulin secretory response between the oral glucose tolerance test and an isoglycemic intravenous glucose infusion study. The pathophysiology of the decreased incretin effect has been studied as decreased incretin sensitivity and/or β-cell dysfunction per se. Interestingly, robust increases in endogenous incretin secretion have been observed in many types of metabolic/bariatric surgery. Therefore, metabolic/bariatric surgery has been extensively studied for incretin physiology, not only the hormones themselves but also alterations in EECs distribution and genetic expression levels of gut hormones. These efforts have given us an enormous understanding of incretin biology from synthesis to in vivo behavior. Further innovative studies are needed to determine the mechanisms and targets of incretin hormones.

Keyword

Incretins; Enteroendocrine cells; Bariatric surgery

MeSH Terms

Bariatric Surgery
Biology
Enteroendocrine Cells
European Union
Glucose
Glucose Tolerance Test
Incretins*
Insulin
Intestines*
Physiology
Glucose
Incretins
Insulin