Endocrinol Metab.  2014 Sep;29(3):328-335. 10.3803/EnM.2014.29.3.328.

Accelerated and Exacerbated Effects of High Dietary Fat on Neuronal Damage Induced by Transient Cerebral Ischemia in the Gerbil Septum

• Cheon SH
• Yan BC
• Chen BH
• Park JH
• Ahn JH
• Kim IH
• Lee JC
• Park YS
• Kim MJ
• Lee YL
• Cho JH
• Won MH

• KMID: 2169470
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.3.328

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) is one of the most widespread metabolic disorders in current society. However, there has been little research regarding the effects of HFD-induced obesity in the septa of animal models of cerebral ischemia. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated septal effects of HFD on neuronal damage and gliosis induced by transient cerebral ischemia.
METHODS
Body weight, blood glucose levels and serum lipid profiles levels were measured both in the normal diet (ND) and HFD-group. We also investigated the effects of ND and HFD on neuronal damage and gliosis in the septum after transient cerebral ischemia using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
The levels of blood glucose, serum triglyceride, and total cholesterol were significantly increased in the HFD-fed gerbils compared with the ND-fed gerbils, although body weight was not significantly changed after HFD feeding. In the ND-fed gerbils, ischemia-induced neuronal damage was found in the septohippocampal nucleus (SHN) of the septum 7 days after ischemia. In the HFD-fed gerbils, ischemia-induced neuronal damage in the SHN was much more severe compared with that of the ND-fed gerbils 4 and 7 days after ischemia. In addition, we found that ischemia-induced glial activation including astrocytes and microglia was accelerated and exacerbated in the HFD-fed gerbils compared with that in the ND-fed gerbils.
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that HFD can lead to much more severe effects in ischemia-induced neuronal damage/death in the septum after ischemia-reperfusion, and that it may be associated with accelerated change in glial activation.

Keyword

Diet, high-fat; Ischemic attack, transient; Glial activation; Septohippocampal nucleus

MeSH Terms

Astrocytes
Blood Glucose
Body Weight
Brain Ischemia
Cholesterol
Diet
Diet, High-Fat
Dietary Fats*
Gerbillinae*
Gliosis
Immunohistochemistry
Ischemia
Ischemic Attack, Transient*
Microglia
Models, Animal
Neurons*
Obesity
Triglycerides
Blood Glucose
Cholesterol
Dietary Fats

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 (A-F) NeuN immunohistochemistry in the septohippocampal nucleus (SHN) of the septum in the normal diet (ND)- and high-fat diet (HFD)-groups at sham, 4 and 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion. A loss of NeuN+ neurons (asterisks) is detected 4 and 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion in the HFD-ischemia-group. Scale bar=50 µm.

• 

  Fig. 2 (A-F) Fluoro-Jade B (F-J B) histofluorescence in the septohippocampal nucleus (SHN) of the normal diet (ND)- and high-fat diet (HFD)-groups at sham, 4 and 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion. F-J B+ cells (arrows) are detected in the SHN 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion in the HFD-ischemia-groups as well as 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion in both groups. Scale bar=50 µm.

• 

  Fig. 3 (A-F) Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry in the septohippocampal nucleus (SHN) of the normal diet (ND)- and high-fat diet (HFD)-groups at sham, 4 and 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion. In the HFD-ischemia-group, GFAP immunoreactivity (arrows) is increased compared to that in the ND-ischemia-group 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion. Scale bar=50 µm.

• 

  Fig. 4 (A-F) Iba-1 immunohistochemistry in the septohippocampal nucleus (SHN) of the normal diet (ND)- and high-fat diet (HFD)-groups at sham, 4 and 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion. In the HFD-ischemia-group, Iba-1 immunoreactivity (arrows) is increased compared to that in the ND-ischemia-group at all times. Scale bar=50 µm.

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