Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.  2012 May;4(3):116-121. 10.4168/aair.2012.4.3.116.

Updates in the Relationship Between Human Rhinovirus and Asthma

• Kim WK
• Gern JE

• KMID: 2167062
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2012.4.3.116

Abstract

Human rhinovirus (HRV) is a nonenveloped, single stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Picornaviridae. HRV infections can cause both upper and lower respiratory illnesses in children and adults. Lower respiratory illnesses are more likely to occur in specific high risk groups, including infants, and children and adults with asthma. The relationships between rates of infection and the risk of clinical illness and exacerbation are not completely understood. Recent studies employing polymerase chain reaction and other molecular techniques indicate that there are new branches on the HRV family tree, and one characteristic of recently detected viruses is that they cannot be detected by standard tissue culture. Here we review the current literature and discuss new advances in understanding the link between HRV and asthma.

Keyword

Asthma; human rhinovirus; infection

MeSH Terms

Adult
Aluminum Hydroxide
Asthma
Carbonates
Child
Humans
Infant
Pedigree
Picornaviridae
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Rhinovirus
RNA Viruses
Aluminum Hydroxide
Carbonates

Figure

• 

  Figure Mechanisms of rhinovirus-induced airway inflammation. Human rhinovirus binds to ICAM-1 and other receptors to begin the replication cycle. Viral infections induce a variety of mediators, cytokines, and chemokines from epithelial cells and airway leukocytes that initiate an inflammatory response, including chemotaxis of neutrophils, and eosinophils. An antiviral response is also mounted by both epithelial and dendritic cells, producing type I interferons (IFNs). Airway eosinophils and allergic sensitization are risk factors for more severe rhinovirus illnesses, possibly by suppressing antiviral responses, which may be deficient in asthma. ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule; IL, interleukin; LTC4, leukotriene C4; PG, prostaglandins; NO, nitric oxide.

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