Exp Neurobiol.  2012 Dec;21(4):141-150. 10.5607/en.2012.21.4.141.

Stress and Sleep Disorder

• Han KS
• Kim L
• Shim I

• KMID: 2165412
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5607/en.2012.21.4.141

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to review potential, physiological, hormonal and neuronal mechanisms that may mediate the sleep changes. This paper investigates the literatures regarding the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, one of the main neuroendocrine stress systems during sleep in order to identify relations between stress and sleep disorder and the treatment of stress-induced insomnia. Sleep and wakefulness are regulated by the aminergic, cholinergic brainstem and hypothalamic systems. Activation of the HPA and/or the sympathetic nervous systems results in wakefulness and these hormones including corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol or corticosterone, noradrenaline, and adrenaline, are associated with attention and arousal. Stress-related insomnia leads to a vicious circle by activating the HPA system. An awareness of the close interaction between sleep and stress systems is emerging and the hypothalamus is now recognized as a key center for sleep regulation, with hypothalamic neurontransmitter systems providing the framework for therapeutic advances. An updated understanding of these systems may allow researchers to elucidate neural mechanisms of sleep disorder and to develop effective intervention for sleep disorder.

Keyword

stress; sleep disorders; psychological stress response

MeSH Terms

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Arousal
Brain Stem
Corticosterone
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
Epinephrine
Hydrocortisone
Hypothalamus
Neurons
Norepinephrine
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Sympathetic Nervous System
Wakefulness
Axis, Cervical Vertebra
Sleep Wake Disorders
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Corticosterone
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
Epinephrine
Hydrocortisone
Norepinephrine