Allergy Asthma Respir Dis.  2016 May;4(3):167-173. 10.4168/aard.2016.4.3.167.

Stem cell therapy in animal models of allergic airway diseases

• Cho KS

• KMID: 2165077
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2016.4.3.167

Abstract

Allergic airway diseases are characterized by T-helper type 2 (Th2)-skewed eosinophilic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness. The excessive activation of Th2 cells due to insufficient suppression of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is thought to play a major role in the initiation and development of allergic airway disease. Several studies have shown that stem cells provide a significant reduction in allergic airway inflammation and improve lung function in animal models. The immunomodulatory effects of stem cells in allergic airway disease may be mediated by the up-regulation of Tregs and increases in several soluble factors, such as prostaglandin E2, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-10, and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase. This review examines the current understanding of the immunomodulatory properties of stem cells and its therapeutic implication in allergic airway disease. Furthermore, we will discuss mechanisms by which stem cells inhibit allergic airway inflammation via immunomodulation from a Th2- to a Th1-biased response.

Keyword

Stem cells; Immunosuppression; Allergic rhinitis; Asthma; Regulatory T lymphocytes

MeSH Terms

Animals*
Asthma
Dinoprostone
Eosinophils
Immunomodulation
Immunosuppression
Inflammation
Interleukin-10
Lung
Models, Animal*
Mucus
Rhinitis, Allergic
Stem Cells*
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
Th2 Cells
Up-Regulation
Dinoprostone
Interleukin-10

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells labeled with Cell Tracker CM-Dil (red) were more intensively distributed within the lung of asthmatic mice (A) than control mice (B) (magnification, ×200).

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  Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of the soluble factors for MSC-mediated immunosuppression. TLR, toll-like receptor; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; DC, dendritic cells; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; IL, interleukin; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; NO, nitric oxide; PDL-1, programmed death ligand-1; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; SDF-1, stem cell derived factor 1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; IL-1RA, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-; IFN-, interferon; Ig, immunoglobulin; NK, natural killer; MAC, macrophage. Adapted from Sueblinvong et al. Transl Res 2010;156:188–205.33

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  Fig. 3. Schematic presentation of possible immunomodulatory mechanisms of stem cells in allergic airway diseases. AR, allergic rhinitis; AHR, airway hyperrespon-siveness; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; Ig, immunoglobulin; IL, interleukin; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; Tregs, regulatory T cells.

Reference

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