The Effect of retinoic acid on the expression of cell adhesion molecules and binding to peritoneal mesothelium in gastric cancer cells

Hong, Young Seon; Park, Cho Hyun; Park, Jin No; Lee, Kyung Shik; Kim, In Chul

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal metastasis is one of the maj or types of the stomach cancer recurrence and the role of the adhesion molecules is thought to be very much important in this event. Retinoic acid (RA) has been known to induce the growth inhibition and differentiation of various malignancies, and apoptpsis and the change of expression of adhesion molecules have been reported to be involved in the action of RA.
METHODS
We studied the adhesion abilities of SNU- 1, SNU-5, and SNU-6 cells to the peritoneal endothelial cells as well as the expression of the adhesion molecules (CD44, ICAM- 1) in Western blot analysis. And also we studied the expression of apoptosis and the change of expression patterns of the various isoforms of CD44 and the change of the adhsion abilities of the cell line cells after RA treatment.
RESULTS
CD44 was expressed in SNU-5 and - 16, together with an isoform in SNU- 16. ICAM- 1 was not expressed in any of the cell line cells tested. After the treatment of RA in the concentration range of 1 - 5X10 - 5 M to three stomach cancer cell lines, growth inhibition, apoptosis and the change of expression of the CD44 were noted. After RA treatment , the expression of CD44H was weakly increased in SNU- 1, and was markedly increased in SNU-5. In SNU- 16, the expression of CD44H was decreased while that of CD44E were markedly increased. The adhesibility of cells to peritoneal cells was increased in relation with the increase of the CD44H expression, which shows the fact that the adhesibility of tumor cells to peritoneal mesothelial cells is mediated by CD44H recognizing hyaluronic acid.
CONCLUSION
RA induces growth inhibition of stomach cancer cell line cells and increase the adhesiblity of stomach cancer cell line cells to peritoneal mesothelium. It is believed that RA decreases the metastatic ability of stomach cancer cells by upregulating the CD44H expression.