J Adv Prosthodont.  2009 Jul;1(2):107-112. 10.4047/jap.2009.1.2.107.

Biomechanical evaluation of dental implants with different surfaces: Removal torque and resonance frequency analysis in rabbits

• Koh JW
• Yang JH
• Han JS
• Lee JB
• Kim SH

• KMID: 2045472
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2009.1.2.107

Abstract

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Macroscopic and especially microscopic properties of implant surfaces play a major role in the osseous healing of dental implants. Dental implants with modified surfaces have shown stronger osseointegration than implants which are only turned (machined). Advanced surface modification techniques such as anodic oxidation and Ca-P application have been developed to achieve faster and stronger bonding between the host bone and the implant. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of surface treatment of titanium dental implant on implant stability after insertion using the rabbit tibia model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three test groups were prepared: sandblasted, large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) implants, anodic oxidized implants, and anodized implants with Ca-P immersion. The turned implants served as control. Twenty rabbits received 80 implants in the tibia. Resonance frequencies were measured at the time of implant insertion, 2 weeks and 4 weeks of healing. Removal torque values (RTV) were measured 2 and 4 weeks after insertion. RESULTS: The implant stability quotient (ISQ) values of implants for resonance frequency analysis (RFA) increased significantly (P < .05) during 2 weeks of healing period although there were no significant differences among the test and control groups (P > .05). The test and control implants also showed significantly higher ISQ values during 4 weeks of healing period (P < .05). No significant differences, however, were found among all the groups. All the groups showed no significant differences in ISQ values between 2 and 4 weeks after implant insertion (P > .05). The SLA, anodized and Ca-P immersed implants showed higher RTVs at 2 and 4 weeks of healing than the machined one (P < .05). However, there was no significant difference among the experimental groups. CONCLUSION: The surface-modified implants appear to provide superior implant stability to the turned one. Under the limitation of this study, however, we suggest that neither anodic oxidation nor Ca-P immersion techniques have any advantage over the conventional SLA technique with respect to implant stability.

Keyword

surface treatment; bone to implant contact; removal torque; dental implant

MeSH Terms

Dental Implants
Imidazoles
Immersion
Nitro Compounds
Osseointegration
Rabbits
Tibia
Titanium
Torque
Dental Implants
Imidazoles
Nitro Compounds
Titanium

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Root form screw shaped implants with a. machined surface, b. SLA surface, c. Ca-P surface, and d. anodized surface.

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  Fig. 2 A photograph of the removal torque tester holding the sample. The mount is connected to the implant and the jaws of the RT tester firmly grab the mount.

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  Fig. 3 A photograph of the Ostell tester holding the sample.

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  Fig. 4 Resonance Frequency Analysis of implants after 2 weeks healing periods. *: statistically significant (P < .05).

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  Fig. 5 Resonance Frequency Analysis of implants after 4 weeks healing periods. *: statistically significant (P < .05).

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  Fig. 6 Removal torque values (Ncm) of implants after 2 weeks and 4 weeks healing periods. *: statistically significant (P < .05).

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