J Clin Neurol.  2009 Sep;5(3):120-125. 10.3988/jcn.2009.5.3.120.

Potential Role of Sirtuin as a Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedicalscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea. alzdoc@paran.com

Abstract

The sirtuins (SIRTs) are protein-modifying enzymes that are distributed ubiquitously in all organisms. SIRT1 is a mammalian homologue of yeast nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase silent information regulator 2 (known as Sir2), which is the best-characterized SIRT family member. It regulates longevity in several model organisms and is involved in several processes in mammalian cells including cell survival, differentiation, and metabolism. SIRT1 induction, either by SIRT-activating compounds such as resveratrol, or metabolic conditioning associated with caloric restriction, could have neuroprotective qualities and thus delay the neurodegenerative process, thereby promoting longevity. However, the precise mechanistic liaison between the activation of SIRT and extended healthy aging or delaying age-related diseases in humans has yet to be established.

Keyword

sirtuins; therapeutic target; longevity; neurodegenerative diseases

MeSH Terms

Aging
Caloric Restriction
Cell Survival
Humans
Longevity
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Sirtuins
Stilbenes
Yeasts
Sirtuins
Stilbenes

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Convergence of stress signals on SIRT1, an upstream regulator of multiple effectors of the stress response. SIRT: sirtuin, NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-lightchain-enhancer of activated B cells, FOXO: forkhead transcription factor, LXR: liver X receptor, PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NBS: nigonegen breakage syndrome, BCL: B-cell lymphoma, PGC: PPAR gamma coactivator.


Cited by  1 articles

Melatonin Potentiates the Neuroprotective Properties of Resveratrol Against Beta-Amyloid-Induced Neurodegeneration by Modulating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways
Kyoung Ja Kwon, Hee-Jin Kim, Chan Young Shin, Seol-Heui Han
J Clin Neurol. 2010;6(3):127-137.    doi: 10.3988/jcn.2010.6.3.127.


Reference

1. Muchowski PJ, Wacker JL. Modulation of neurodegeneration by molecular chaperones. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005. 6:11–22.
Article
2. Guarente L. Sir2 links chromatin silencing, metabolism, and aging. Genes Dev. 2000. 14:1021–1026.
Article
3. Frye RA. Characterization of five human cDNAs with homology to the yeast SIR2 gene: Sir2-like proteins (sirtuins) metabolize NAD and may have protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999. 260:273–279.
Article
4. Oberdoerffer P, Sinclair DA. The role of nuclear architecture in genomic instability and ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007. 8:692–702.
Article
5. Westphal CH, Dipp MA, Guarente L. A therapeutic role for sirtuins in diseases of aging? Trends Biochem Sci. 2007. 32:555–560.
Article
6. Yamamoto H, Schoonjans K, Auwerx J. Sirtuin functions in health and disease. Mol Endocrinol. 2007. 21:1745–1755.
Article
7. Rine J, Herskowitz I. Four genes responsible for a position effect on expression from HML and HMR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 1987. 116:9–22.
Article
8. North BJ, Marshall BL, Borra MT, Denu JM, Verdin E. The human Sir2 ortholog, SIRT2, is an NAD+-dependent tubulin deacetylase. Mol Cell. 2003. 11:437–444.
Article
9. Michishita E, Park JY, Burneskis JM, Barrett JC, Horikawa I. Evolutionarily conserved and nonconserved cellular localizations and functions of human SIRT proteins. Mol Biol Cell. 2005. 16:4623–4635.
Article
10. Kennedy BK, Gotta M, Sinclair DA, Mills K, McNabb DS, Murthy M, et al. Redistribution of silencing proteins from telomeres to the nucleolus is associated with extension of life span in S. cerevisiae. Cell. 1997. 89:381–391.
Article
11. Gan L, Mucke L. Paths of convergence: sirtuins in aging and neurodegeneration. Neuron. 2008. 58:10–14.
Article
12. Vaziri H, Dessain SK, Ng Eaton E, Imai SI, Frye RA, Pandita TK, et al. hSIR2 (SIRT1) functions as an NAD-dependent p53 deacetylase. Cell. 2001. 107:149–159.
Article
13. Daitoku H, Hatta M, Matsuzaki H, Aratani S, Ohshima T, Miyagishi M, et al. Silent information regulator 2 potentiates Foxo1-mediated transcription through its deacetylase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004. 101:10042–10047.
Article
14. Brunet A, Sweeney LB, Sturgill JF, Chua KF, Greer PL, Lin Y, et al. Stress-dependent regulation of FOXO transcription factors by the SIRT1 deacetylase. Science. 2004. 303:2011–2015.
Article
15. Sakamoto J, Miura T, Shimamoto K, Horio Y. Predominant expression of Sir2alpha, an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase, in the embryonic mouse heart and brain. FEBS Lett. 2004. 556:281–286.
Article
16. Cheng HL, Mostoslavsky R, Saito S, Manis JP, Gu Y, Patel P, et al. Developmental defects and p53 hyperacetylation in Sir2 homolog (SIRT1)-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003. 100:10794–10799.
Article
17. Wu A, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F. Oxidative stress modulates Sir2alpha in rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Eur J Neurosci. 2006. 23:2573–2580.
18. Lee IH, Cao L, Mostoslavsky R, Lombard DB, Liu J, Bruns NE, et al. A role for the NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirt1 in the regulation of autophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008. 105:3374–3379.
Article
19. Perrod S, Cockell MM, Laroche T, Renauld H, Ducrest AL, Bonnard C, et al. A cytosolic NAD-dependent deacetylase, Hst2p, can modulate nucleolar and telomeric silencing in yeast. EMBO J. 2001. 20:197–209.
Article
20. Outeiro TF, Kontopoulos E, Altmann SM, Kufareva I, Strathearn KE, Amore AM, et al. Sirtuin 2 inhibitors rescue alpha-synuclein-mediated toxicity in models of Parkinson's disease. Science. 2007. 317:516–519.
Article
21. Dryden SC, Nahhas FA, Nowak JE, Goustin AS, Tainsky MA. Role for human SIRT2 NAD-dependent deacetylase activity in control of mitotic exit in the cell cycle. Mol Cell Biol. 2003. 23:3173–3185.
Article
22. Li W, Zhang B, Tang J, Cao Q, Wu Y, Wu C, et al. Sirtuin 2, a mammalian homolog of yeast silent information regulator-2 longevity regulator, is an oligodendroglial protein that decelerates cell differentiation through deacetylating alpha-tubulin. J Neurosci. 2007. 27:2606–2616.
Article
23. Valerio A, Boroni F, Benarese M, Sarnico I, Ghisi V, Bresciani LG, et al. NF-kappaB pathway: a target for preventing beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced neuronal damage and Abeta42 production. Eur J Neurosci. 2006. 23:1711–1720.
Article
24. Yeung F, Hoberg JE, Ramsey CS, Keller MD, Jones DR, Frye RA, et al. Modulation of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and cell survival by the SIRT1 deacetylase. EMBO J. 2004. 23:2369–2380.
Article
25. Wang J, Ho L, Qin W, Rocher AB, Seror I, Humala N, et al. Caloric restriction attenuates beta-amyloid neuropathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J. 2005. 19:659–661.
26. Patel NV, Gordon MN, Connor KE, Good RA, Engelman RW, Mason J, et al. Caloric restriction attenuates Abeta-deposition in Alzheimer transgenic models. Neurobiol Aging. 2005. 26:995–1000.
Article
27. Guarente L. Sirtuins as potential targets for metabolic syndrome. Nature. 2006. 444:868–874.
Article
28. Okawara M, Katsuki K, Kurimoto E, Shibata H, Kume T, Akaike A. Resveratrol protects dopaminergic neurons in midbrain slice culture from multiple insults. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007. 73:550–560.
Article
29. Barber SC, Mead RJ, Shaw PJ. Oxidative stress in ALS: a mechanism of neurodegeneration and a therapeutic target. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006. 1762:1051–1067.
Article
30. Shibata N, Kawaguchi-Niida M, Yamamoto T, Toi S, Hirano A, Kobayashi M. Effects of the PPARgamma activator pioglitazone on p38 MAP kinase and IkappaBalpha in the spinal cord of a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathology. 2008. 28:387–398.
Article
31. Kiaei M. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Huntington's Disease. PPAR Res. 2008. 2008:418765.
32. Kim D, Nguyen MD, Dobbin MM, Fischer A, Sananbenesi F, Rodgers JT, et al. SIRT1 deacetylase protects against neurodegeneration in models for Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. EMBO J. 2007. 26:3169–3179.
Article
33. Baur JA, Sinclair DA. Therapeutic potential of resveratrol: the in vivo evidence. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006. 5:493–506.
Article
Full Text Links
  • JCN
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr