Korean J Anesthesiol.  2010 Jan;58(1):70-75. 10.4097/kjae.2010.58.1.70.

Preconditioning of isoflurane on spinal cord ischemia can increase the number of inducible nitric oxide synthase-expressing motor neurons in rat

• Sung YH
• Lee SH
• Sung JK
• Han JH
• Kim H
• Kim CJ
• Kang JM

• KMID: 2031783
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2010.58.1.70

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Spinal cord ischemia with resulting paraplegia remains one of the most common complications after repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms or dissection. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is known to have both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects in the central nervous system. We investigated the possible relationship between the effect of pre-ischemic isoflurane exposure on mild spinal cord ischemia and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by using iNOS-specific antibody and pyrrolidinedithio carbamate (PDTC), NF-kappaB inhibitor, in the ventral horn of spinal cord in rats. METHODS: The animals were divided into five groups (n = 6 in each group): sham group, control group, PDTC-treated group, isoflurane-treated group, and PDTC/ isoflurane-treated group. In the PDTC-treated groups, 2% 100 mg/kg PDTC was administered intraperitoneally at 1 h before operation and at 24 h and 48 h after reperfusion. The rats in the isoflurane-treated groups received 30 min inhalation of 2.8% isoflurane at 24 h before spinal cord ischemia. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect iNOS expression in the motor neuron of the ventral horn in spinal cord. RESULTS: Preconditioning with isoflurane increased the iNOS expression when compared to the control group (P < 0.05), whereas pre-treatment with both PDTC and isoflurane significantly decreased the iNOS expression compared to isoflurane-treated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-ischemic isoflurane exposure was related with increase of the iNOS expression via a pathway modulated by NF-kappaB. iNOS may act as an important mediator of delayed preconditioning with isoflurane for the protective effect against spinal cord ischemia.

Keyword

Delayed preconditioning; iNOS; Isoflurane; Spinal cord ischemia

MeSH Terms

Animals
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic
Central Nervous System
Control Groups
Horns
Immunohistochemistry
Inhalation
Isoflurane
Motor Neurons
NF-kappa B
Nitric Oxide
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
Paraplegia
Proline
Rats
Reperfusion
Salicylamides
Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord Ischemia
Thiocarbamates
Isoflurane
NF-kappa B
Nitric Oxide
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
Proline
Salicylamides
Thiocarbamates