The effect of calcium metaphosphate bone graft materials on bone regeneration

Chae, Han Seung; Lee, Yong Moo; Yang, Seung Min; Chun, Sung Soo; Kim, Suk Young; Ku, Young; Chung, Chong Pyoung; Han, Soo Boo; Choi, Sang Mook; Rhyu, In Chul

Abstract

Periodontal regeneration therapy with bone-substituting materials has gained favorable clinical efficacy by enhancing osseous regeneration in periodontal bony defect. As bone- substituting materials, bone powder, calcium phosphate ceramic, modified forms of hydroxyapatite, and hard tissue replacement polymer have demonstrated their periodontal bony regenerative potency. Bone-substituting materials should fulfill several requirements such as biocompatibility, osteogenecity, malleability, biodegradability. The purpose of this study was to investigate biocompatibility, osteo-conduction capacity and biodegradability of Na2O, K2O added calcium metaphosphate(CMP). Beta CMP was obtained by thermal treatment of anhydrous Ca2(H2PO4)2. Na2O and K2O were added to CMP. The change of weight of pure CMP, Na2O-CMP, and K2O-CMP in Tris-buffer solution and simulated body fluid for 30 days was measured. Twenty four Newzealand white rabbits were used in negative control, positive control(Bio-Oss), pure CMP group, 5% Na2-CMP group, 10% Na2O-CMP goup, and 5% K2O-CMP group. In each group, graft materials were placed in right and left parietal bone defects(diameter 10mm) of rabbit. The animals were sacrificed at 3 months and 6 months after implantation of the graft materials. Degree of biodegradability of K2O or Na2O added CMP was greater than that of pure CMP in experimental condition. All experimental sites were healed with no clinical evidence of inflammatory response to all CMP implants. Histologic observations revealed that all CMP grafts were very biocompatible and osseous conductive, and that in K2O-CMP or Na2O-CMP implanted sites, there was biodegradable pattern, and that in site of new bone formation, there was no significant difference between all CMP group and DPBB(Bio-Oss) group. From this result, it was suggested that all experimental CMP group graft materials were able to use as an available bone substitution.