J Adv Prosthodont.  2010 Mar;2(1):18-24. 10.4047/jap.2010.2.1.18.

Effect of etched microgrooves on hydrophilicity of titanium and osteoblast responses: A pilot study

• Park JA
• Leesungbok R
• Ahn SJ
• Lee SW

• KMID: 1975173
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2010.2.1.18

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of etched microgrooves on the hydrophilicity of Ti and osteoblast responses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Microgrooves were applied on Ti to have 15 and 60 micrometer width, and 3.5 and 10 micrometer depth by photolithography, respectively. Further acid etching was applied to create Ti surfaces with etched microgrooves. Both smooth- and acid-etched Ti were used as the controls. The hydrophilicity of Ti was analyzed by determining contact angles. Cell proliferation and osteogenic activity of MC3T3 mouse preosteoblasts were analyzed by bromodeoxyuridine assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test, respectively. One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used for statistics.
RESULTS
Etched microgrooves significantly increased the hydrophilicity of Ti compared to the smooth Ti. 60 micrometer-wide etched microgrooves significantly enhanced cell proliferation, whereas the osteogenic activity showed statistically non-significant differences between groups. Result of the osteogenic activity significantly correlated with those of hydrophilicity and cell proliferation. Hydrophilicity was determined to be an influential factor on osteogenic activity.
CONCLUSION
This study indicates that increase in hydrophilicity of Ti caused by etched microgrooves acts as an influential factor on osteogenic activity. However, statistically non-significant increase in the ALP activity suggests further investigation.

Keyword

Titanium; Etched microgrooves; Hydrophilicity; Osteoblast response

MeSH Terms

Alkaline Phosphatase
Animals
Bromodeoxyuridine
Cell Proliferation
Durapatite
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Mice
Osteoblasts
Pilot Projects
Titanium
Alkaline Phosphatase
Bromodeoxyuridine
Durapatite
Titanium

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of NE15/3.5 (× 500), E15/3.5 (× 500), E60/10 (× 500) and NE0 (× 5000).

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  Fig. 2 Multiple-comparison result of the contact angle determination on titanium substrata with various surface topographies measured in directions parallel with and perpendicular to the microgrooves. Statistical significances were tested among NE0, NE15/3.5, NE60/10, E0, E15/3.5, and E60/10 using one-way ANOVA (n = 3). **: significant difference (P <.01).

• 

  Fig. 3 Multiple-comparison result of the cell proliferation of MC3T3 mouse preosteoblasts on titanium substrata with various surface topographies after 16 and 24 h of culture using bromodeoxyuridine assay. Statistical significances were tested among NE0, NE15/3.5, NE60/10, E0, E15/3.5, and E60/10 using one-way ANOVA (n = 3). *: significant difference (P <.05).

• 

  Fig. 4 Multiple-comparison result of the alkaline phosphatase activity test of MC3T3 mouse preosteoblasts on titanium substrata with various surface topographies after 1, 7 and 14 days of osteogenic culture. Statistical significances were tested among NE0, NE15/3.5, NE60/10, E0, E15/3.5, and E60/10 using one-way ANOVA (n = 3). The result showed no significant differences in the osteoblastic differentiation between and within all groups (P < .05).

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  Fig. 5 Scatter-plot results from the Pearson's correlation analysis. Correlations of the data and results between A Parellel and Perpendicular, B Parellel and ALP 14 days, C Perpendicular and ALP 14 days and D BrdU 16 h and ALP 14 days are presented. Significant correlations were present A, B, C and D (P < .01). See table II for nomenclature and the overall results.

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