Chonnam Med J.  2014 Apr;50(1):6-14. 10.4068/cmj.2014.50.1.6.

Gastroprotective Effects of Glutinous Rice Extract against Ethanol-, Indomethacin-, and Stress-induced Ulcers in Rats

• Song DU
• Jang MS
• Kim HW
• Yoon HJ
• Chay KO
• Joo YE
• Jung YD
• Yang SY
• Ahn BW

• KMID: 1889756
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2014.50.1.6

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of an orally administered aqueous extract of glutinous rice (GRE) to protect against acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by ethanol, indomethacin, and water immersion restraint stress in rats and to characterize the active substances responsible for the protection. GRE was shown to dose-dependently prevent the gastric lesions induced by the above ulcerogenic treatments at doses of 30 to 300 mg/kg. GRE treatment increased the gastric mucin content and partially blocked the ethanol-induced depletion of the gastric mucus layer. Also, it increased the nonprotein sulfhydryl concentration in the gastric mucosa. The gastroprotective action of GRE was markedly enhanced by co-treatment with 4-8 mg/kg tea extracts. The activity of GRE was completely lost by heat treatment at 80degrees C for 3 min or treatment with 0.01% pepsin at 37degrees C for 1 h. Protein extraction studies indicated that prolamins are involved in the gastroprotective activity of GRE. Our results suggest that glutinous rice proteins are useful for the prevention and treatment of gastritis and peptic ulcer.

Keyword

Glutinous rice; Gastroprotection; Ulcer; Proteins; Prolamins

MeSH Terms

Animals
Ethanol
Gastric Mucins
Gastric Mucosa
Gastritis
Hot Temperature
Immersion
Indomethacin
Mucus
Pepsin A
Peptic Ulcer
Prolamins
Rats*
Tea
Ulcer*
Water
Ethanol
Gastric Mucins
Indomethacin
Pepsin A
Prolamins
Tea
Water

Figure

• 

  FIG. 1 Effects of glutinous rice extract (GRE) on the formation of gastric lesions induced by ethanol (A), indomethacin (B), and water-immersion restraint stress (C) in rats. The indicated doses of GRE were administered to rats 30 min before ulcerogenic treatments. Each column represents the mean±SE (N=8). *p<0.05, †p<0.01 compared with the control (zero) group.

• 

  FIG. 2 Effects of glutinous rice extract (GRE) on the gastric mucin content (A and B) and gastric mucosal nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) concentration (C) in rats. (A) Change in the total gastric mucin content by GRE treatment. One hour after the indicated doses of GRE were administered to rats, the gastric mucin content was determined (N=3). *p<0.05 compared with the control (zero) group. (B) Changes in the gastric mucus content by GRE and ethanol treatments. Rats were pretreated with the indicated doses of GRE, and 30 min later, they were treated with 4 mL/kg ethanol or distilled water. One hour after the ethanol treatment, the gastric mucus content was determined (N=8). *p< 0.05, †p<0.01 compared with the untreated control, and ‡p<0.05 compared with the ethanol-treated control. (C) One hour after the indicated doses of GRE were administered to rats, the gastric mucosal NP-SH concentration was determined (N=8). *p<0.05 compared with the control (zero) group.

• 

  FIG. 3 Dose-dependent effects of BTE on the gastroprotective activities of GRE and GREP as measured in the ethanol-induced ulcer model. Glutinous rice extract (GRE, 30 mg/kg) or its particulate fraction GREP (10 mg/kg) was administered to rats with 0-8 mg/kg black tea extract (BTE) as indicated 30 min before ethanol treatment. *p<0.05, †p<0.01 compared with the distilled water control, ‡p<0.05 compared with the GRE alone group, and §p<0.05 compared with the GREP alone group (N=8).

• 

  FIG. 4 Effects of the albumin, globulin, glutelin, and prolamin fractions isolated from glutinous rice flour on the gastric lesion formation induced by ethanol in rats. (A) The albumin (Alb), globulin (Glo), glutelin (Glu), and prolamin (Pro) fractions suspended in distilled water (DW) were administered to rats in a dose of 10 mg/kg with 8 mg/kg black tea extract 30 min before ethanol treatment. (B) The indicated doses of prolamin fraction were administered to rats with 8 mg/kg black tea extract 30 min before ethanol treatment. Each column represents the mean±SE (N=8). *p<0.05, †p<0.01 compared with the control.

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