Korean J Anesthesiol.  2010 Oct;59(4):233-237. 10.4097/kjae.2010.59.4.233.

Prevention of pain with the injection of microemulsion propofol: a comparison of a combination of lidocaine and ketamine with lidocaine or ketamine alone

• Hwang I
• Noh JI
• Kim SI
• Kim MG
• Park SY
• Kim SH
• Ok SY

• KMID: 1766441
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2010.59.4.233

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Aquafol, a microemulsion propofol, causes more severe and frequent pain on injection than propofol. The purpose of this study was to compare a combination of lidocaine and ketamine on aquafol-induced pain with lidocaine or ketamine alone during the induction of anesthesia.
METHODS
In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study, 130 healthy patients who were undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. The patients received IV lidocaine 40 mg plus ketamine 25 mg (Group LK, n = 43), lidocaine 40 mg (Group L, n = 42), or ketamine 25 mg (Group K, n = 45) with a rubber tourniquet on the forearm 1 min before the injection of microemulsion propofol. The pain score was assessed by a 4-point verbal rating scale (VRS) at 10 seconds after injection of microemulsion propofol 30 mg and during the injection of the remaining total dose.
RESULTS
The incidence and severity of pain was significantly lower in Group LK than Group L or Group K at 10 seconds after the injection of microemulsion propofol 30 mg (P < 0.05). And the incidence and severity of pain was significantly lower in Group LK and Group K than Group L during the injection of the remaining total dose (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Pretreatment with IV lidocaine 40 mg plus ketamine 25 mg with a rubber tourniquet on the forearm 1 min before the injection of microemulsion propofol is more effective than lidocaine 40 mg or ketamine 25 mg alone in preventing pain from the injection of microemulsion propofol.

Keyword

Injection; Intravenous; Ketamine; Lidocaine; Pain; Propofol

MeSH Terms

Anesthesia
Anesthesia, General
Forearm
Humans
Incidence
Ketamine
Lidocaine
Propofol
Prospective Studies
Rubber
Tourniquets
Ketamine
Lidocaine
Propofol
Rubber