Lab Anim Res.  2014 Dec;30(4):151-160. 10.5625/lar.2014.30.4.151.

Effects of pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extracts in high-fat diet-fed obese mice

• Lee HY
• Park KH
• Park YM
• Moon DI
• Oh HG
• Kwon DY
• Yang HJ
• Kim O
• Kim DW
• Yoo JH
• Hong SC
• Lee KH
• Seol SY
• Park YS
• Park JD
• Pyo MK

• KMID: 1737416
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2014.30.4.151

Abstract

Red ginseng and its extracts have been used as traditional medicines and functional foods in countries worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the bioavailability of pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extracts (GS-E3D), and the effects of GS-E3D on adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as well as on metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver in high-fat diet fed obese C57BL/6 mice. Mice were divided into 5 groups: normal diet group, high fat diet-vehicle group, high fat diet + 0.1 g/kg GS-E3D (0.1-GS-E3D), high fat diet + 0.3 g/kg (0.3-GS-E3D), high fat diet + 1.0 g/kg (1.0-GS-E3D). Treatment of GS-E3D reduced differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with low cytotoxicity. In the animal model, compared to the high fat diet control, serum glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TG, and leptin level were reduced in treatment animals in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we found that GS-E3D could decrease total hepatic lipid droplets. These results suggest that GS-E3D, as a dietary supplement, has beneficial effects on obesity and may have useful effects in health-care products.

Keyword

High fat diet; red ginseng extract; hyperglycemia; dyslipidemia

MeSH Terms

Adipocytes
Adipogenesis
Animals
Biological Availability
Blood Glucose
Cholesterol
Diet
Diet, High-Fat
Dietary Supplements
Dyslipidemias
Fatty Liver
Functional Food
Hyperglycemia
Leptin
Mice
Mice, Obese*
Models, Animal
Obesity
Panax*
Cholesterol
Leptin

Figure

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  Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the experimental protocol. Mice were acclimated for 1 week and induced obesity and normal chew mice model with high fat diet or normal diet for 3 weeks. In case of treatment with GS-E3D or placebo, they were orally administered for 4 weeks and sacrificed.

• 

  Figure 2 Cell viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes against pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extracts (GS-E3D). 3T3-L1 cells (5×103 cells/well) were grown in 96-well plates and treated with different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 mg/mL) of GS-E3D. Differences were tested for significance by a one-way ANOVA (Duncan's multiple-range test). a,b,cValues in the row with different superscript letters are significantly different; P<0.05.

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  Figure 3 Effects of GS-E3D on adipocyte differentiation. Stained oil droplets with Oil Red O were dissolved with adipogensis assay kit and quantified by spectrophotometric analysis at 500 nm. a,b,c,d,eValues in the row with different superscript letters are significantly different; P<0.05.

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  Figure 4 Effect of GS-E3D on the (A) body weight, (B) food and (C) water intake in the mice. *P<0.001 for high fat diet vs normal diet group. Data are shown as the mean±SE (n=8).

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  Figure 5 Effect of GS-E3D on changes in blood glucose in an obesity model induced by a high-fat diet. Data are shown as the mean±SE (n=8).

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  Figure 6 Effect of GS-E3D on changes in blood parameters in an obesity model induced by a high-fat diet. (A) total cholesterol (T-CHO), (B) low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and (C) high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), (D) triglyceride (TG) in the whole blood of mice. a,b,cValues in the row with different superscripts are significantly different; P<0.05. Data are shown as the mean±SE (n=7).

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  Figure 7 Effects of GS-E3D on the leptin level in a mouse obesity model induced by a high-fat diet. a,bValues in the row with different superscript letters are significantly different; P<0.05. Data are shown as mean±SE (n=7).

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  Figure 8 Effect of GS-E3D on the fat (epididymal fat, peritoneal fat, retroperitoneal fat, liver fat) weight in the mice. a,b,cValues in the row with different superscripts are significantly different; P<0.05. Data are shown as the mean±SE (n=8).

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  Figure 9 Effect of GS-E3D on the absolute organ weights of spleen, thymus, testis and kidney. Data are shown as the mean±SE (n=8).

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  Figure 10 Effects of GS-E3D on histological adipocyte size in a mouse obesity model induced by a high-fat diet. (A) Normal group, (B) high fat diet-vehicle group, (C) high fat diet+ GS-E3D 0.1 g/kg, (D) high fat diet+GS-E3D 0.3 g/kg, (E) high fat diet+GS-E3D 1.0 g/kg, (F) quantitative analysis (400× magnification). a,b,c,dValues in the row with different superscript letters are significantly different; P<0.05. Data are shown as mean±SE (n=7).

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  Figure 11 Effects of GS-E3D on histological hepatic steatosis in a mouse obesity model induced by a high-fat diet. (A) Normal group, (B) high fat diet-vehicle group, (C) high fat diet+GS-E3D 0.1 g/kg, (D) high fat diet+GS-E3D 0.3 g/kg, (E) high fat diet+GS-E3D 1.0 g/kg, (F) steatosis grade score. (400× magnification). Scale bar=100 µµm. a,b,c,dValues in the row with different superscript letters are significantly different; P<0.05. Data are shown as mean±SE (n=8).

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