J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg.  2013 Sep;15(3):171-176. 10.7461/jcen.2013.15.3.171.

The Role of Adiponectin in Secondary Inflammatory Reaction in Cerebral Ischemia

• Jung YS
• Ha SK
• Kim SD
• Kim SH
• Lim DJ
• Choi JI

• KMID: 1491435
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.7461/jcen.2013.15.3.171

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
In this study, we investigate the role of adiponectin in the interaction between leukocytes and endothelium in the secondary inflammatory reaction of cerebral ischemia.
METHODS
Adiponectin knock-out mice group (APN-KO) (n = 8) and wild-type mice group (WT) (n = 8) were prepared. Each group was sub-divided into 2 groups by reperfusion time. One-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion were induced using the intraluminal filament technique. At 6 and 12 hours after the occlusion, the mice were placed on a stereotactic frame to perform craniotomy in the left parietal area. After craniotomy, a straight pial venule was selected as a target vessel. With the fluorescence intravital microscope, the number of rolling leukocytes and leukocytes that adhered to endothelium were counted and documented at 6 and 12 hours after the reperfusion.
RESULTS
At 6 and 12 hours after the reperfusion, more rolling leukocyte and leukocyte adhesion were observed in the APN-KO mice than in the WT mice. The difference in leukocyte numbers between the APN-KO and WT mice was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.029) by Mann-Whitney U-test.
CONCLUSION
We found that adiponectin inhibits the interaction between the endothelium and leukocytes in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Therefore adiponectin might prevent the secondary insult caused by the inflammation reaction.

Keyword

Adiponectin; Cerebral ischemia; Secondary inflammatory reaction; MCAO-R

MeSH Terms

Adiponectin
Animals
Brain Ischemia
Craniotomy
Endothelium
Fluorescence
Glycosaminoglycans
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
Inflammation
Leukocyte Count
Leukocytes
Mice
Mice, Knockout
Reperfusion
Venules
Adiponectin
Glycosaminoglycans

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Representative image of intraluminal filament technique. Silicon-coated 8-0 monofilament is directed to the middle cerebral artery through the common carotid artery.

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  Fig. 2 Representative image of cranial window preparation. After performing 4×6 mm-sized craniotomy in the left parietal area using a dental drill.

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  Fig. 3 Representative images of rhodamine-labeled leukocytes in venules. (A) 6hWT, (B) 6hKO, (C) 12hWT, (D) 12hKO (Single arrow: rolling leukocyte, blank arrow: leukocyte aggregate). 6hWT: Wild-type mice at 6 hours of reperfusion, 6hKO: Adiponectin-deficient mice at 6 hours of reperfusion, 12hWT: Wild-type mice at 12 hours of reperfusion, 12hKO: Adiponectin-deficient mice at 12 hours of reperfusion.

• 

  Fig. 4 Comparison of the experimental groups at 6 hours and 12 hours after ischemia. The difference in leukocyte number between the APN-KO and WT mice at 6, 12 hours after the occlusion was statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U-test, p value = 0.029).

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