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Neuroprotectants in the Era of Reperfusion Therapy

Chamorro A

For decades, numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies have been evaluated without success to limit the consequences of the ischemic cascade, but more rarely the therapies were explored as add on...
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Neuroprotection in Schizophrenia and Its Therapeutic Implications

Kim YK, Na KS

Schizophrenia is a chronic and debilitating mental disorder. The persisting negative and cognitive symptoms that are unresponsive to pharmacotherapy reveal the impairment of neuroprotective aspects of schizophrenia. In this review,...
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The Management of Cerebrovascular Accident

Cho KH

Most cerebrovascular diseases (CVA) are manifest by the abrupt onset of a focal neurologic deficit. The deficit may remain fixed or may rapidly improve or progressively worsen. Therefore, the main...
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Targeted temperature management for ischemic stroke

Hong JM

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) or targeted temperature management is an intentional cooling or temperature control technique using a thermostatic equipment (i.e., surface, endovascular, and focal devices) for specific therapeutic purposes. Given...
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Spinal Cord Injury and Neuro-Regeneration

Ahn JH, Park HY, Kim YH

Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) and new therapeutic approaches have provided promising results for this incurable and debilitating central nervous system injury....
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Isoflurane Preconditioning Induces Neuroprotection by Up-Regulation of TREK1 in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Ischemic Injury

Wang K, Kong X

This study aimed to explore the neuroprotection and mechanism of isoflurane on rats with spinal cord ischemic injury. Total 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the four groups...
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Regulation of Neural Stem Cell Fate by Natural Products

Kim HJ

Neural stem cells (NSCs) can proliferate and differentiate into multiple cell types that constitute the nervous system. NSCs can be derived from developing fetuses, embryonic stem cells, or induced pluripotent...
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TLR5 Activation through NF-κB Is a Neuroprotective Mechanism of Postconditioning after Cerebral Ischemia in Mice

Jeong J, Kim S, Lim DS, Kim SH, Doh H, Kim SD, Song YS

Postconditioning has been shown to protect the mouse brain from ischemic injury. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms of postconditioning remain elusive. We have found that toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) plays an...
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HDAC Inhibition by Valproic Acid Induces Neuroprotection and Improvement of PD-like Behaviors in LRRK2 R1441G Transgenic Mice

Kim T, Song S, Park Y, Kang S, Seo H

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the late-onset neurodegenerative movement disorder. Major pathological markers of PD include progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, Lewy body formation, genetic mutations, and environmental factors....
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Protective effect of the aerial parts of Silybum marianum against amyloid β protein (25-35)-induced neuronal death in cultured neurons

Lee HM, Jang JY, Seong YH

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that deprives the patient of memory, is associated mainly with extracellular senile plaque induced by the accumulation of amyloid β protein (Aβ). Silybum...
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Management and prevention of third molar surgery-related trigeminal nerve injury: time for a rethink

Leung YY

Trigeminal nerve injury as a consequence of lower third molar surgery is a notorious complication and may affect the patient in long term. Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve...
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Intranasal Administration of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in a Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia Rat Model

Lee JH, Kam EH, Kim JM, Kim SY, Kim EJ, Cheon SY, Koo BN

The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) is a potential stroke treatment candidate. Intranasal delivery is a novel method thereby a therapeutic protein can be penetrated into the brain parenchyma by bypassing...
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Beneficial Effects of Silibinin Against Kainic Acid-induced Neurotoxicity in the Hippocampus in vivo

Kim S, Jung UJ, Oh YS, Jeon MT, Kim HJ, Shin WH, Hong J, Kim SR

Silibinin, an active constituent of silymarin extracted from milk thistle, has been previously reported to confer protection to the adult brain against neurodegeneration. However, its effects against epileptic seizures have...
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Neuroprotective Effect of Duloxetine on Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Damage

Park JA, Lee CH

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), which is associated with onset of vascular dementia, causes cognitive impairment and neuropathological alterations in the brain. In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective effect...
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CB2 receptor activation prevents glial-derived neurotoxic mediator production, BBB leakage and peripheral immune cell infiltration and rescues dopamine neurons in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease

Chung YC, Shin WH, Baek JY, Cho EJ, Baik HH, Kim SR, Won SY, Jin BK

The cannabinoid (CB2) receptor type 2 has been proposed to prevent the degeneration of dopamine neurons in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice. However, the mechanisms underlying CB2 receptor-mediated neuroprotection in MPTP mice...
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Astrocytic Expression of CTMP Following an Excitotoxic Lesion in the Mouse Hippocampus

Shin N, Yi MH, Kim S, Baek H, Triantafillu UL, Park J, Kim DW

Akt (also known as protein kinase B, PKB) has been seen to play a role in astrocyte activation of neuroprotection; however, the underlying mechanism on deregulation of Akt signaling in...
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Pharmacologic Characteristics of Corticosteroids

Samuel S, Nguyen T, Choi HA

Corticosteroids (CSs) are used frequently in the neurocritical care unit mainly for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Despite their broad use, limited evidence exists for their efficacy in diseases confronted...
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Neuregulin 1/ErbB4 signaling attenuates neuronal cell damage under oxygen-glucose deprivation in primary hippocampal neurons

Yoo JY, Kim HB, Yoo SY, Yoo HI, Song DY, Baik TK, Lee JH, Woo RS

The hippocampus is one of the most important brain areas of cognition. This region is particularly sensitive to hypoxia and ischemia. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) has been shown to be able to...
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Therapeutic Hypothermia for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Newborn Infants

Sung IK

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an ongoing process, which may persist for weeks to years after an acute asphyxial insult, causing delayed programmed cell death. The typical clinical signs and...
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Emerging Roles of microRNAs in Ischemic Stroke: As Possible Therapeutic Agents

Khoshnam S, Winlow W, Farbood Y, Moghaddam , Farzaneh M

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and physical disability worldwide. The consequences of stroke injuries are profound and persistent, causing in considerable burden to both the individual...
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