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Toll-like receptor 9 binds to DNA from bacteria or viruses and activates a signaling pathway that leads to the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferon. Adaptor complex AP-3...
Obesity is connected with numerous diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, and nervous system dysfunctions. Obesity is affected by genetic, environmental, and cultural factors. However, numerous studies indicate...
Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is a spherical plant virus that has a single 6.3 kb positive strand RNA genome. Information for TYMV replication is limited, except that the 3'-terminal...
We previously reported the development of an attenuated coxsackievirus B3, known as YYFF, which functioned as a viral vector system for foreign gene expression. In this study, we demonstrated the...
Vibrio vulnificus produces Hemolysin/cytolysin (VvhA), which is one of the most potent exotoxins capable of killing mice at submicrogram levels. However, V. vulnificus growth and vvhA expression are severely repressed...
Murine norovirus (MNV) is a non-enveloped virus with a positive-sense RNA genome and causes lethal infection in mice. MNV has been used as a model virus for human norovirus (NV)...
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including L. plantarum isolated from Kimchi, are beneficial and safe microorganisms that improve disturbances of the indigenous microflora and the host's immune system. The adhesion abilities...
Replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is regulated by statin, one of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reducatase (HMG CoA reductase) inhibitors that block mevalonate pathway and cholesterol biosyntheis, which has been used...
Molecular epidemiology has been initiated for the confirmation of transmission link among tuberculosis patients. IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) technique has been used as an excellent tool to discriminate...