- Absorption and Half-Life
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Holford N
- KMID: 2413836
- Transl Clin Pharmacol.
- 2016 Dec;24(4):157-160.
- doi: 10.12793/tcp.2016.24.4.157
This tutorial deals with basic concepts of absorption processes and links previous tutorials on clearance and volume of distribution to introduce the concept of half-life. The time course of both... -
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- Erratum: Clearance
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Holford N, Yim DS
- KMID: 2351803
- Transl Clin Pharmacol.
- 2016 Sep;24(3):152-152.
- doi: 10.12793/tcp.2016.24.3.152
The third equation on page 44 should be corrected. -
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- Pharmacokinetic variability due to environmental differences
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Holford N
- KMID: 2386761
- Transl Clin Pharmacol.
- 2017 Jun;25(2):59-62.
- doi: 10.12793/tcp.2017.25.2.59
This tutorial describes sources of pharmacokinetic variability that are not obviously linked to genetic differences. The sources of variability are therefore described as environmental. The major quantitative sources of environmental... -
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- Pharmacodynamic principles and the time course of delayed and cumulative drug effects
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Holford N
- KMID: 2413827
- Transl Clin Pharmacol.
- 2018 Jun;26(2):56-59.
- doi: 10.12793/tcp.2018.26.2.56
This tutorial reviews the principles of the concentration — effect relationship for the usual case when drug effects are delayed relative to changes in circulating concentrations. The key processes determining... -
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- Pharmacodynamic principles and the time course of immediate drug effects
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Holford N
- KMID: 2406995
- Transl Clin Pharmacol.
- 2017 Dec;25(4):157-161.
- doi: 10.12793/tcp.2017.25.4.157
This tutorial defines the principles of the concentration - effect relationship which are the basis of pharmacodynamics. The two key parameters of pharmacodynamics are the maximum response (Emax) and the... -
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- Treatment response and disease progression
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Holford N
- KMID: 2467965
- Transl Clin Pharmacol.
- 2019 Dec;27(4):123-126.
- doi: 10.12793/tcp.2019.27.4.123
This tutorial defines the concepts of disease progression in the context of clinical pharmacology. Disease progression describes the natural history of disease, such as pain, or biomarker of drug response,... -
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- Clearance
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Holford N, Yim DS
- KMID: 2351806
- Transl Clin Pharmacol.
- 2015 Dec;23(2):42-45.
- doi: 10.12793/tcp.2015.23.2.42
This tutorial deals with basic concepts of clearance, the most important parameter in pharmacokinetics but often challenging for students in clinical pharmacology. Its relationships with dose, concentration and elimination rate... -
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- Volume of Distribution
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Holford N, Yim DS
- KMID: 2290472
- Transl Clin Pharmacol.
- 2016 Jun;24(2):74-77.
- doi: 10.12793/tcp.2016.24.2.74
This tutorial deals with basic concepts of volume of distribution, the second most important parameter in pharmacokinetics but often challenging for students in clinical pharmacology. Its relationships with dose, concentration... -
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- Pharmacodynamic principles and target concentration intervention
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Holford N
- KMID: 2429509
- Transl Clin Pharmacol.
- 2018 Dec;26(4):150-154.
- doi: 10.12793/tcp.2018.26.4.150
This tutorial reviews the principles of dose individualisation with an emphasis on target concentration intervention (TCI). Once a target effect is chosen then pharmacodynamics can predict the target concentration and... -
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