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Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Seizure Frequency and Epileptiform Discharges in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Meta-Analysis

Mishra A, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Srinivasan A

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of low-frequency repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) has been conflicting and inconclusive in previous clinical trials. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of...
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Advances in Ketogenic Diet Therapies in Pediatric Epilepsy

Enkhtuy B, Kwon HE, Kim HD

Ketogenic diets are high in fat, low in carbohydrates, and contain an adequate amount of protein. In addition to the classic ketogenic diet, three alternative types of ketogenic diet therapies...
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Efficacy and Tolerability of Low-Dose Perampanel in Patients with Childhood-Onset Intractable Epilepsy

Park H, Ahn H, Jang HN, Kim HJ, Yum MS, Ko TS

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of perampanel as adjunctive therapy in childhood-onset refractory epilepsy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 110...
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Treatment Outcomes of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

Kang BS, Woo YS, Lee J, Yi YY, Koo BS, Kang JW

PURPOSE: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is one of the most severe epileptic encephalopathies and frequently patients with this syndrome respond poorly to antiepileptic drugs. The aim of this study was to...
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Epilepsy Surgery in 2019: A Time to Change

Phi JH, Cho BK

Epilepsy has been known to humankind since antiquity. The surgical treatment of epilepsy began in the early days of neurosurgery and has developed greatly. Many surgical procedures have stood the...
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A Primer on Magnetic Resonance-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Medically Refractory Epilepsy

Lee EJ, Kalia SK, Hong SH

Epilepsy surgery that eliminates the epileptogenic focus or disconnects the epileptic network has the potential to significantly improve seizure control in patients with medically intractable epilepsy. Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial...
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The Present and Future of Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Yang J, Phi JH

Epilepsy is one of the major chronic neurological diseases affecting many patients. Resection surgery is the most effective therapy for medically intractable epilepsy, but it is not feasible in all...
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Epilepsy Surgery in Children versus Adults

Lee KH, Lee YJ, Seo JH, Baumgartner JE, Westerveld M

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorder affecting 6–7 per 1000 worldwide. Nearly one-third of patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy continue to have recurrent seizures despite adequate...
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The Surgical and Cognitive Outcomes of Focal Cortical Dysplasia

Choi SA, Kim KJ

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the major cause of intractable focal epilepsy in childhood leading to epilepsy surgery. The overall seizure freedom after surgery ranges between 50–75% at 2 years...
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Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Pathway in Epileptic Disorders

Kim JK, Lee JH

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway coordinates the metabolic activity of eukaryotic cells through environmental signals, including nutrients, energy, growth factors, and oxygen. In the nervous system, the mTOR...
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Normal and Disordered Formation of the Cerebral Cortex : Normal Embryology, Related Molecules, Types of Migration, Migration Disorders

Lee JY

The expansion and folding of the cerebral cortex occur during brain development and are critical factors that influence cognitive ability and sensorimotor skills. The disruption of cortical growth and folding...
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Acute Tubular Necrosis associated with the Ketogenic Diet in a Child with Intractable Epilepsy

Yoo KH, Yim HE

The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used as an effective antiepileptic therapy for intractable childhood epilepsy. However, various adverse effects have been reported with use of the KD. We report...
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Adverse Events During Perampanel Adjunctive Therapy in Intractable Epilepsy

Youn SE, Kim SH, Ko A, Lee SH, Lee YM, Kang HC, Lee JS, Kim HD

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Perampanel is the first α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA)-receptor antagonist developed to treat epilepsy. The effects of either rapid or slow dose titration on adverse events remain to be...
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Applications and Outcomes of Epilepsy Surgery in Pediatric Population

Yi YY, Kang JW

Epilepsy is one of the world's most common neurologic disorders and epilepsy surgery is a major treatment option for intractable epilepsy in pediatric patients. Understanding the sequential steps of epilepsy...
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A Case of Effective Treatment of a Patient with PCDH 19-Related Epilepsy using Corticosteroid

Lee DM, Chung HJ

An uncommon female-limited intractable epilepsy, protocadherin (PCDH) 19-related epilepsy, is characterized by mutations in the PCDH 19 gene, located on chromosome X. Clinical symptoms include early onset, fever sensitivity, focal...
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The First Korean case of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-17 diagnosed by clinical and molecular investigation

Kim YA, Kim YM, Lee YJ, Cheon CK

Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-17 (COXPD-17) is very rare and is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the ELAC2 gene on chromosome 17p12. The ELAC2 gene functions as a...
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Rufinamide in Patients with Childhood Onset Intractable Epilepsy

Ahn H, Yum MS, Yeh HR, Kim MJ, Ko TS

PURPOSE: This study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of rufinamide as add-on therapy in patients with intractable epilepsies. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 70 patients...
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On predicting epileptic seizures from intracranial electroencephalography

Yoo Y

This study investigates the sensitivity and specificity of predicting epileptic seizures from intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG). A monitoring system is studied to generate an alarm upon detecting a precursor of an...
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Malformations of cortical development: genetic mechanisms and diagnostic approach

Lee J

Malformations of cortical development are rare congenital anomalies of the cerebral cortex, wherein patients present with intractable epilepsy and various degrees of developmental delay. Cases show a spectrum of anomalous...
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Desensitization to Oxcarbazepine: Long-Term Efficacy and Tolerability

Lee J, Park EG, Lee M, Lee J

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Antiepileptic drug (AED)-associated cutaneous adverse drug reactions can lead to the discontinuation of medications. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term efficacy and safety...
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