J Gastric Cancer.  2025 Apr;25(2):266-275. 10.5230/jgc.2025.25.e14.

Baseline Inflammatory Burden Index Predicts Primary Resistance to Combinations of ICIs With Chemotherapy in Patients With HER-2-Negative Advanced Gastric Cancer

• Wang T
• Zeng H
• Hu T
• Zhang J
• Wang Z

• KMID: 2566752
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5230/jgc.2025.25.e14

Abstract

Purpose
Combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy have become the standard first-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-negative advanced gastric cancer. However, primary resistance remains a challenge, with no effective biomarkers available for its prediction. This retrospective study explores the relationship between the baseline inflammatory burden index (IBI) and primary resistance in such context.
Materials and Methods
We analyzed 62 patients with HER-2-negative advanced gastric cancer who received ICIs and chemotherapy as their first-line treatment. The IBI was calculated as follows: C-reactive protein (mg/L) × neutrophil count (10 3 /mm 3 )/lymphocyte count (10 3 /mm 3 ). Based on disease progression within 6 months, patients were categorized into the primary resistant or the control group. We compared baseline characteristics and IBI scores between the groups and assessed the predictive value of the IBI using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Both univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing primary resistance.
Results
Nineteen patients were included in the primary resistance group, and forty-three patients were included in the control group. The IBI was significantly higher in the resistant group compared to the control group (P<0.01). The area under the curve for the IBI was 0.82, indicating a strong predictive value. Multivariate analysis identified the IBI as an independent predictor of primary resistance (P=0.014).
Conclusions
The baseline IBI holds promise as a predictor of primary resistance to combined ICIs and chemotherapy in patients with HER-2-negative advanced gastric cancer.

Keyword

Gastric cancer; Inflammation; Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Chemotherapy; Drug resistance