Korean J Radiol.  2025 Feb;26(2):146-155. 10.3348/kjr.2024.0907.

Establishing Normative Values for Entire Spinal Cord Morphometrics in East Asian Young Adults

• Joo B
• Park HJ
• Park M
• Suh SH
• Ahn SJ

• KMID: 2564794
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2024.0907

Abstract

Objective
The quantitative assessment of spinal cord volume is still in the early stages of development. Recently, normative morphometric values of the cervical spinal cord have been reported. This study aimed to establish normative values for spinal cord morphometry, extending beyond the cervical region to include the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord, and to examine the influence of sex and ethnicity on these measurements.
Materials and Methods
This prospective study included 28 young, healthy, East Asian volunteers (14 males and 14 females; mean age, 30.14 ± 4.07 years) who underwent spinal cord MRI using a 3T scanner. The cross-sectional areas (CSAs), anteroposterior (AP) and transverse diameters, and compression ratios of the entire spinal cord were calculated. Additionally, the effects of sex and ethnicity on spinal cord volumetry were evaluated, with the influence of ethnicity assessed by comparing the findings with a Caucasian dataset from the PAM50 study.
Results
The CSAs demonstrated two enlargements at the cervical and lumbar levels. The cervical enlargement at C4–5 exhibited an elliptical shape, while the lumbar enlargement at T12 appeared more circular. The CSAs and AP and transverse diameters of the spinal cords in males were significantly larger than that of females (P < 0.001). The spinal cord compression ratios in East Asians were significantly lower than those in Caucasians (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
This study revealed that the two spinal cord enlargements exhibit different patterns and suggest significant differences in spinal cord morphometric values according to sex and ethnicity.

Keyword

Spinal cord; Morphometry; Measurement; Size; Shape; Cervical enlargement; Lumbar enlargement; Sex; Ethnicity; Asian; Normative; Normal; Reference; Standard