J Neurocrit Care.  2024 Dec;17(2):102-103. 10.18700/jnc.240027.

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis with a positive transfusion-related antibody screening test

• Choi J
• Kim C
• Lee SH
• Sohn JH

• KMID: 2563031
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.18700/jnc.240027

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Initial magnetic resonance imaging of the patients. Initial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image (A) showed multiple scattered white matter lesions (arrows) but no specific findings in the diffusion-weighted image (B) and gradient echo sequence (C).

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  Fig. 2. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging of the patient. Widespread white matter hyperintensity with extensive cerebral edema (A) was observed in follow-up fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Multiple diffusion-restrictive lesions (B, E) and numerous microhemorrhages (arrowheads) were observed in follow-up diffusion-weighted imaging and gradient recalled echo images (C, D). Apparent diffusion coefficient map imaging confirmed a low signal intensity lesion (F) suggestive of cytotoxic edema.

Reference

1. Gibbs WN, Kreidie MA, Kim RC, Hasso AN. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis: neuroimaging features and neuropathologic diagnosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2005; 29:689–93.

2. Grzonka P, Scholz MC, De Marchis GM, Tisljar K, Rüegg S, Marsch S, et al. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis: a case and systematic review of the literature. Front Neurol. 2020; 11:899.