J Dent Rehabil Appl Sci.  2024 Nov;40(4):241-248. 10.14368/jdras.2024.40.4.241.

Antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms on zirconia disks

• Kwon HS
• Lee SY
• Lee JB
• Um HS
• Lee JK

• KMID: 2562768
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14368/jdras.2024.40.4.241

Abstract

Purpose
Staphylococcus aureus can attach to extracellular matrix components and plasma proteins deposited on biomaterial surfaces, ultimately forming biofilms. Therefore, managing S. aureus is recommended for preventing and treating peri-implant diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the biofilm-forming ability of S. aureus on zirconia surfaces and to assess the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in reducing these biofilms.
Materials and Methods
Biofilm growth analysis showed optimal formation at 48 hours. Therefore, S. aureus ATCC 25923 was inoculated onto a sterilized zirconia disk and cultivated for 48 hours to form the biofilm. Thereafter, the biofilms were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; control), chlorhexidine (CHX), tetracycline (TC), toluidine blue O (TBO), cold diode laser (laser), or PDT (TBO + laser), with each group consisting of seven disks. The bacterial load was quantified using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, and biofilm viability was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).
Results
Significant reductions in bacterial counts were observed in the CHX (95.3%), TC (95.0%), and PDT (93.8%) groups compared to the control (P < 0.001). CLSM revealed a greater number of dead bacteria in the CHX, TC and PDT groups compared to that in other groups.
Conclusion
Within its limitations, this study demonstrated that S. aureus can form biofilms on zirconia surfaces. PDT showed similar efficacy to conventional antimicrobial treatments such as CHX and TC for reducing S. aureus biofilms.zirconia

Keyword

bioFilm; photodynamic therapy; Staphylococcus aureus; zirconia

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Growth curve of the S. aureus biofilm on a zirconia disk. * The number of bacteria peaks at 48 h. CFU, colony-forming unit.

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  Fig. 2 Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of S. aureus attached to the zirconia disks (original magnification: 10×). Live bacteria appear green, dead bacteria appear red, and the overlap areas appear yellow. CLSM revealed a greater number of dead bacteria in the CHX, TC and PDT groups compared to that in other groups. (A) Control group, (B) CHX group, (C) TC group, (D) TBO group, (E) Laser group, (F) PDT group. CHX, chlorhexidine; TC, tetracycline; TBO, toluidine blue O; Laser, cold diode laser; PDT, photodynamic therapy.

Reference

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