J Dent Rehabil Appl Sci.  2024 May;40(2):55-63. 10.14368/jdras.2024.40.2.55.

Antimicrobial effect of infrared diode laser utilizing indocyanine green against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm on titanium surface

• Kim SG
• Lee SY
• Lee JB
• Um HS
• Lee JK

• KMID: 2562749
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14368/jdras.2024.40.2.55

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of an 810-nm infrared diode laser with indocyanine green (ICG) against Staphylococcus aureus on sandblasted, large grit, and acid-etched (SLA) titanium surfaces, comparing its effectiveness with alternative chemical decontamination modalities.
Materials and Methods
Biofilms of S. aureus ATCC 25923 were cultured on SLA titanium disks for 48 hours. The biofilms were divided into five treatment groups: control, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), tetracycline (TC), ICG, and 810-nm infrared diode laser with ICG (ICG-PDT). After treatment, colony-forming units were quantified to assess surviving bacteria, and viability was confirmed through confocal laser-scanning microscope (CLSM) imaging.
Results
All treated groups exhibited a statistically significant reduction in S. aureus (P < 0.05), with notable efficacy in the CHX, TC, and ICG-PDT groups (P < 0.01). While no statistical difference was observed between TC and CHX, the ICG-PDT group demonstrated superior bacterial reduction. CLSM images revealed a higher proportion of dead bacteria stained in red within the ICG-PDT groups.
Conclusion
Within the limitations, ICG-PDT effectively reduced S. aureus biofilms on SLA titanium surfaces. Further investigations into alternative decontamination methods and the clinical impact of ICG-PDT on peri-implant diseases are warranted.

Keyword

indocyanine green; photochemotherapy; photothermal therapy; Staphylococcus aureus; titanium

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Comparison of log-transformed value of CFU/mL. * P < 0.05: when comparing control with ICG, and TC with ICG-PDT. ** P < 0.01: when comparing control and ICG with CHX, TC, and ICG-PDT. CHX: chlorhexidine; TC: tetracycline; ICG: indocyanine green; ICG-PDT: photodynamic therapy using ICG.

• 

  Fig. 2 Confocal laser-scanning microscope images of S. aureus biofilm on Ti disk (original magnification, 10x). Live and dead bacteria are stained green and red, respectively. Among these groups, the ICG-PDT group’s images revealed a relatively higher number of dead bacteria stained in red compared to the other groups. (A) Control group, (B) Chlorhexidine group (CHX), (C) Tetracycline group (TC), (D) Indocyanine green group (ICG), (E) Photodynamic therapy using ICG group (ICG-PDT).

Reference

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