Clin Endosc.  2024 Nov;57(6):701-710. 10.5946/ce.2024.005.

Mechanism of action and selection of endoscopic bariatric therapies for treatment of obesity

• Ghusn W
• Calderon G
• Abu Dayyeh BK
• Acosta A

• KMID: 2561152
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.005

Abstract

Endoscopic bariatric therapies (EBTs) are minimally invasive and safe procedures with favorable weight loss outcomes in obesity treatment. We aimed to present the weight loss mechanism of action of EBTs and an individualized selection method for patients with obesity. We searched PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases for studies on the topic from databases inception to July 1, 2023, written in English. We focused on EBTs potential mechanism of action to induce weight loss. We also present an expert opinion on a novel selection of EBTs based on their mechanism of action. EBTs can result in weight loss through variable mechanisms of action. They can induce earlier satiation, delay gastric emptying, restrict the accommodative response of the stomach, decrease caloric absorption, and alter the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones. Selecting EBTs may be guided through their mechanism of action by which patients with abnormal satiation may benefit more from tissue apposition devices and aspiration therapy while patients with fast gastric emptying may be better candidates for intragastric devices, endoscopic anastomosis devices, and duodenal mucosal resurfacing. Consequently, the selection of EBTs should be guided by the mechanism of action which is specific to each type of therapy.

Keyword

Bariatric surgical procedures; Obesity; Weight loss

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Illustration of endoscopic bariatric therapies. (A) Intragastric balloon. (B) Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty. (C) Aspiration therapy. (D) Duodenal-jejunal bypass liner. (E) Duodenal mucosal resurfacing. (F) Incisionless magnetic anastomosis system. (D–F) Adapted from Gong and Kim. Clin Endosc 2018;51:425–429, according to the Creative Commons license.6

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  Fig. 2. Main mechanism of action of endoscopy sleeve gastrectomy and intragastric balloons. CCK, cholecystokinin; GLP-1, glucagon-like-peptide-1; PYY, peptide YY.

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  Fig. 3. A working hypothesis of endoscopic bariatric therapy selection based on the mechanism of action and pathophysiology.

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