J Vet Sci.  2024 Sep;25(5):e66. 10.4142/jvs.24179.

Lectin histochemistry in the small intestines of piglets naturally infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

• Kim B
• Jang S
• Jang H
• Kim JS
• Jeon TI
• Park JG
• Shin IS
• Cho KO
• Moon C

• KMID: 2560145
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.24179

Abstract

Importance
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) binds to particular cell surface receptors to penetrate cells. The virus specifically identifies certain carbohydrate structures present on the surface of the cell to facilitate the binding process. Nevertheless, the influence of viral infections on specific alterations of glycoconjugates in the small intestines remains unexplored.
Objective
This work aimed to examine the alterations in glycoconjugates in the small intestines of piglets naturally infected with PEDV using lectin histochemistry.
Methods
Six piglets including three PEDV-infected and three non-infected piglets were evaluated. Small intestinal samples were histopathologically examined, and lectin histochemistry was performed.
Results
Piglets infected with PEDV had significant histological abnormalities in their small intestines, such as pronounced villous atrophy, varying degrees of villous fusion, and diverse mucosal alterations. Specific regions of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum showed discernible variations in glycoconjugate distribution, as determined by lectin histochemistry. Compared with the controls, the PEDV-infected piglets showed significant changes in N-acetylglucosamine- and galactose-binding lectins (particularly wheat germ agglutinin and Arachis hypogaea (peanut) agglutinin) in multiple intestinal regions.
Conclusions and Relevance
These findings can enhance understanding of how viruses such as PEDV impact the glycoconjugate composition of the small intestines and emphasize the potential connection between the pathogenesis of PEDV and glycoconjugate.

Keyword

Carbohydrates; glycoconjugates; mucosa; chorionic villi; swine