Ann Rehabil Med.  2024 Jun;48(3):192-202. 10.5535/arm.240034.

Effects of Botulinum Toxin-A for Spasticity and Nociceptive Pain in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

• Sumsuzzman DM
• Khan ZA
• Nila IS
• Moran VMV
• Rajesh M
• Yang WJ
• Hong Y

• KMID: 2557066
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5535/arm.240034

Abstract

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the protective effects of botulinum toxin-A (Botox-A) on spasticity and nociceptive pain in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to July 2023. The primary outcome of interest was spasticity and nociceptive pain. We pooled the available data using the generic inverse variance method, and we used a fixed-effect/random-effects model. We then calculated standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to estimate the effect size. A total of fourteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria comprised two randomized controlled trials, five pre-post studies, and seven case reports. Across the various study designs, the majority of trials were assessed to have fair to high quality. The meta-analysis shows that Botox-A significantly decreased spasticity (SMD, -1.73; 95% CI, -2.51 to -0.95; p<0.0001, I2=48%) and nociceptive pain (SMD, -1.79; 95% CI, -2.67 to -0.91; p<0.0001, I2=0%) in SCI patients. Furthermore, Botox-A intervention improved motor function, activities of daily living (ADL), and quality of life. Our study suggests that Botox-A may alleviate spasticity and nociceptive pain in SCI patients. Moreover, the observed improvements in motor function, ADL, and overall quality of life following Botox-A intervention underscore its pivotal role in enhancing patient outcomes.

Keyword

Botulinum Toxins Type A; Muscle Spasticity; Nociceptive pain; Spinal cord injuries; Systematic review

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Flow diagram of included and excluded studies.

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  Fig. 2. Forest plot comparing the changes in the spasticity score between before botulinum toxin-A (Botox-A) and after Botox-A treatment in spinal cord injury. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; SE, standard error; IV, independent variable.

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  Fig. 3. Forest plot comparing the changes in the pain score between before botulinum toxin-A (Botox-A) and after Botox-A treatment in spinal cord injury. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; SE, standard error; IV, independent variable.

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