Med Lasers.  2022 Dec;11(4):208-218. 10.25289/ML.22.048.

Evaluation of the effects of photobiomodulation treatment on the neuronal development of olfactory stem cells

• Ventura RD
• Bae JS
• Kim EH
• Yoo SH
• Ryu G
• Mo JH

• KMID: 2537594
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.25289/ML.22.048

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The goal of this study was to assess the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the neuronal differentiation of olfactory stem cells (OSCs).
Materials and Methods
The OSCs were irradiated with different wavelengths (740 nm and 850 nm) and different energy densities (5 J/cm² and 10 J/cm² ). Immunofluorescence staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were utilized to evaluate the effects of PBM on the OSCs.
Results
PCR analyses showed lower neuroepithelial stem cell protein (Nestin) expression in the 740 nm groups (energy densities 5 and 10 J/cm² ), and increase in the 850 nm-10 J/cm²compared to the control. SRYbox transcription factor 2 (Sox2) was downregulated in the 740 nm-10 J/cm² and elevated in the 850 nm-10 J/cm² group. Increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the 740 nm groups. Microtubuleassociated protein 2 (Map2) expression increased in all groups. Futhermore, Doublecortin (Dcx) expressions increased in 740 nm groups while decreased in 850 nm groups. The expressions of the leucine-rich repeatcontaining G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) varied in 740 nm groups and increased in 850 nm groups. Increased expressions in 740 nm groups and decreased expressions in 850 nm groups in cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). Early B-cell factor 1 (Ebf1) expressions were lower in 740 nm groups and higher in 850 nm groups. Immunofluorescence staining revealed increased tubulin beta 3 (Tubb3) and olfactory marker protein (OMP) intensities in 850 nm-5 J/cm² .
Conclusion
The PBM treatment showed positive effects on the maturation and development of OSCs into mature olfactory neurons.

Keyword

Low-level light therapy; Differentiation; Olfactory mucosa; Stem cells