Int J Heart Fail.  2020 Jul;2(3):195-203. 10.36628/ijhf.2020.0005.

Reduced Coronary Flow Reserve Is Associated with Impaired Ventricularvascular Interaction in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Affiliations
  • 1Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
  • 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cardiac and arterial damage and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to determine whether coronary flow reserve (CFR), which represents microvascular dysfunction, might be associated with the ventricular-vascular coupling index (VVI), which represents the afterloadadjusted contractility in patients with OSA.
Methods
We enrolled 281 patients (257 males; mean age, 43±11 years) with newly diagnosed OSA. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed, and adenosine-associated CFR was measured in the left anterior descending coronary artery. We evaluated the differences between the patients with normal CFR ≥2.5 and reduced CFR <2.5. VVI was calculated using the effective arterial elastance (Ea) and left ventricular (LV) end-systolic elastance (Ees) as follows: 10×Ea/Ees.
Results
The normal CFR group (n=214) showed increased Ees (7.28±2.31 vs. 8.14±2.33 mmHg/mL, p=0.016) and preserved VVI (3.17±1.53 vs. 2.78±1.20, p=0.044) compared with the reduced CFR group (n=67). There were no differences in LV dimension, LV ejection fraction, left atrial-volume index, E/e′, left atrial strain and LV global longitudinal strain between the 2 groups (all p>0.05). CFR was significantly correlated to Ees (r=0.139; p=0.023) and VVI (r=−0.137; p=0.025).
Conclusions
Reduced CFR is associated with decreased Ees and impaired VVI in OSA patients. It suggests the necessity of more intensive observation in OSA patients with reduced CFR to improve cardiovascular outcomes.

Keyword

Obstructive sleep apnea; Coronary arteries; Heart contractility
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