Diabetes Metab J.  2021 Sep;45(5):730-738. 10.4093/dmj.2020.0154.

Maternal Hyperglycemia during Pregnancy Increases Adiposity of Offspring

• Chung HR
• Moon JH
• Lim JS
• Lee YA
• Shin CH
• Hong JS
• Kwak SH
• Choi SH
• Jang HC

• KMID: 2520855
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0154

Abstract

Background
The effect of intrauterine hyperglycemia on fat mass and regional fat proportion of the offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (OGDM) remains to be determined.
Methods
The body composition of OGDM (n=25) and offspring of normoglycemic mothers (n=49) was compared using dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry at age 5 years. The relationship between maternal glucose concentration during a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and regional fat mass or proportion was analyzed after adjusting for maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI).
Results
BMI was comparable between OGDM and control (median, 16.0 kg/m² vs. 16.1 kg/m² ). Total, truncal, and leg fat mass were higher in OGDM compared with control (3,769 g vs. 2,245 g, P=0.004; 1,289 g vs. 870 g, P=0.017; 1,638 g vs. 961 g, P=0.002, respectively), whereas total lean mass was lower in OGDM (15,688 g vs. 16,941 g, P=0.001). Among OGDM, total and truncal fat mass were correlated with fasting and 3-hour glucose concentrations of maternal 100 g OGTT during pregnancy (total fat mass, r=0.49, P=0.018 [fasting], r=0.473, P=0.023 [3-hour]; truncal fat mass, r=0.571, P=0.004 [fasting], r=0.558, P=0.006 [3-hour]), but there was no correlation between OGDM leg fat mass and maternal OGTT during pregnancy. Regional fat indices were not correlated with concurrent maternal 75 g OGTT values.
Conclusion
Intrauterine hyperglycemia is associated with increased fat mass, especially truncal fat, in OGDM aged 5 years.

Keyword

Adiposity; Body composition; Child; Diabetes, gestational

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Offspring adiposity and glycemic indices across categories of maternal glucose levels during pregnancy. (A) Total fat mass, (B) total fat %, (C) truncal fat %, (D) Matsuda index, (E) insulinogenic index, and (F) disposition index. Offspring of mothers with gestational mellitus diabetes (n=25) were divided into tertiles of maternal glucose concentrations of 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during pregnancy. Glucose categories of 100 g OGTT during pregnancy are defined as follows: fasting glucose (category 1, <90 mg/dL; category 2, 90 to 101 mg/dL; category 3, >101 mg/dL); 1-hour glucose (category 1, <190 mg/dL; category 2, 190 to 209 mg/dL; category 3, >209 mg/dL); 2-hour glucose (category 1, <165 mg/dL; category 2, 165 to 184 mg/dL; category 3, >184 mg/dL); 3-hour glucose (category 1, <140 mg/dL; category 2, 140 to 158 mg/dL; category 3, >158 mg/dL). Error bar represents standard error of mean.

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