J Korean Med Assoc.  2021 Sep;64(9):588-595. 10.5124/jkma.2021.64.9.588.

Intestinal microbiota and inflammatory bowel diseases

• Eun CS

• KMID: 2520189
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2021.64.9.588

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been rapidly increasing over the past several decades in Korea. IBD appears to be resulted from inappropriate and chronic activation of the mucosal immune system driven by stimuli such as intestinal microbiota and various environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals.
Current Concepts
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technology have identified alterations in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota in individuals with IBD. Dysbiosis in patients with IBD is characterized by decreased bacterial diversity combined with an expansion of putative aggressive species and a reduction in protective species. Altered microbial composition and function in IBD correlates with increased immune stimulation, epithelial dysfunction, or enhanced mucosal permeability. Thus, dysbiosis may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of IBD.
Discussion and Conclusion
Although it is currently unclear whether dysbiosis is a cause or consequence of intestinal inflammation in IBD, several microbial-based and microbial-targeted therapies have yielded promising early results.

Keyword

Gastrointestinal microbiome; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Host microbial interactions; 위장미생물무리; 염증장질환; 인체미생물상호작용